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Opportunities and risks with early sowing of sunflower in a salt-affected coastal region of the Ganges Delta
Agronomy for Sustainable Development ( IF 7.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-12 , DOI: 10.1007/s13593-021-00698-9
Priya Lal Chandra Paul , Richard W. Bell , Edward G. Barrett-Lennard , Enamul Kabir , Donald S. Gaydon

On low-lying land in the Ganges Delta, waterlogging, salinity, and poor soil structure are constraints to intensifying cropping systems. Early sowing of dry season (rabi) crops in this area is hypothesized to increase yield potential because the current late sowing exposes the crop to less favourable temperature conditions, soil dryness, and salinity stresses. Field experiments were conducted over 2 years to identify the opportunities and challenges of early sowing between mid-November and mid-December for maximizing sunflower yield in Southern Bangladesh. Sunflower was dibbled into untilled wet soil on five occasions (23 and 30 November and 10, 20, and 30 December in 2016–2017 and 25 November, 14 and 25 December, and 10 and 25 January in 2017–2018), with two mulching treatments (rice straw at ~ 5 t ha−1 and 15–20% rice residue retention). Sowing before 15 December was associated with larger heads, more seeds per head, greater seed weight, and higher grain yield (3.5–4 t ha−1) in the first year, but early sowing was also risky since, in the second year, the sunflower sown on 25 November was hampered by heavy rainfall, which depressed yield compared to crops sown on 15 December. Increased yield from early sowing before 15 December was associated with higher soil water, lower soil salinity, and higher solute potential compared to sowing after 15 December. Lower yield in late sown crops was also associated with increased temperature at grain-filling stage. The rice straw mulch significantly improved soil water availability, reduced soil salinity, increased soil solute potential, and increased yield in the second year. In this paper, we show for the first time that sunflower sown before 15 December in the Ganges Delta has higher yield potential, but to gain the benefits of the earliest sowing, growers will need to manage the increased risk of yield loss due to waterlogging.



中文翻译:

在恒河三角洲受盐害影响的沿海地区早播向日葵的机会和风险

在恒河三角洲的低洼土地上,涝灾,盐碱化和土壤结构差是集约化耕种系统的制约因素。据推测,该地区旱季作物的早期播种可增加单产,因为目前的后期播种使作物面临不利的温度条件,土壤干燥和盐分胁迫。历时2年进行了田间试验,以确定11月中旬至12月中旬早播的机会和挑战,以最大程度地提高孟加拉国南部的向日葵产量。在五次情况下(2016-2017年11月23日和30日以及12月10日,20日和12月30日以及2017-2018年11月25日,12月14日和25日以及1月10日和25日)将向日葵浸入耕until的湿土壤中处理(约5 t ha -1的稻草和15–20%的大米残留量)。12月15日之前的播种与大头,每头更多的种子,更大的种子重量和更高的籽粒产量相关(3.5–4 t ha -1在第一年,但早播也有风险,因为在第二年,11月25日播种的向日葵受到大雨的影响,与12月15日播种的农作物相比,产量下降。与12月15日之后的播种相比,12月15日之前的早期播种增加的产量与更高的土壤水分,更低的土壤盐分和更高的溶质潜力相关。晚播作物的单产降低还与灌浆期温度升高有关。稻草覆盖显着提高了土壤水分利用率,降低了土壤盐分,增加了土壤溶质潜力,并在第二年提高了产量。在本文中,我们首次展示了恒河三角洲12月15日之前播种的向日葵具有更高的单产潜力,但要获得最早播种的好处,

更新日期:2021-05-12
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