Over the preceding decades, there have been substantial advances in our knowledge of the pathophysiology of stroke. One such advance has been an increased understanding of the multifarious crosstalk in which the nervous and immune systems engage in order to maintain homeostasis. By interrupting the immune-nervous nexus, it is thought that stroke induces change in both systems. Additionally, it has been found that both innate and adaptive immunosuppression play protective roles against the effects of stroke. The release of danger-/damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) activates Toll-like receptors (TLRs), contributing to the harmful inflammatory effects of ischemia/reperfusion injury after stroke; the Tyro3, Axl, and MerTK (TAM)/Gas6 system, however, has been shown to suppress inflammation via downstream signaling molecules that inhibit TLR signaling. Anti-inflammatory cytokines have also been found to promote neuroprotection following stroke. Additionally, adaptive immunosuppression merits further consideration as a potential endogenous protective mechanism. In this review, we highlight recent studies regarding the effects and mechanism of immunosuppression on the pathophysiology of stroke, with the hope that a better understanding of the function of both of innate and adaptive immunity in this setting will facilitate the development of effective therapies for post-stroke inflammation.

中文翻译：

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中风病理生物学中的免疫抑制和神经炎症。

在过去的几十年中，我们对中风的病理生理学的认识有了长足的进步。这样的进步之一是人们对神经和免疫系统参与其中以维持体内平衡的多种串扰的认识得到了进一步的了解。通过中断免疫神经中枢，人们认为中风会引起两个系统的变化。另外，已经发现先天性和适应性免疫抑制均对中风的影响起保护作用。危险/损伤相关分子模式（DAMPs）的释放会激活Toll样受体（TLRs），导致中风后缺血/再灌注损伤的有害炎症作用；Tyro3，Axl和MerTK（TAM）/ Gas6系统，已显示出通过抑制TLR信号转导的下游信号转导分子来抑制炎症。还发现抗炎细胞因子可促进中风后的神经保护。此外，适应性免疫抑制还应进一步考虑作为潜在的内源性保护机制。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍有关免疫抑制对中风病理生理学的影响和机制的最新研究，希望对这种情况下的先天免疫和适应性免疫的功能有更好的了解，将有助于开发有效的后天疗法。中风发炎。适应性免疫抑制作为潜在的内源性保护机制值得进一步考虑。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍有关免疫抑制对中风病理生理学的影响和机制的最新研究，希望对这种情况下的先天免疫和适应性免疫的功能有更好的了解，将有助于开发有效的后天疗法。中风发炎。适应性免疫抑制作为潜在的内源性保护机制值得进一步考虑。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍有关免疫抑制对中风病理生理学的影响和机制的最新研究，希望对这种情况下的先天免疫和适应性免疫的功能有更好的了解，将有助于开发有效的后天疗法。中风发炎。