We offer the notion of “commons” at different levels—within company, private across company, and government-sponsored across-industry sectors—and discuss how the creation of such commons enabled firms to be both efficient during normal times and resilient against the disruptions resulting from COVID-19. At the same time, there are many proven strategies providing resilience in supply chains. For instance, companies that used multiple channels to improve efficiency when facing day-to-day demand-and-supply variations found that the structure also offered resilience without additional cost when COVID struck. We discuss how the presence of commons lowers the cost for firms to adopt such resilience-building supply chain strategies. We discuss factors that impact the creation of these commons and conclude with a number of questions to guide further research into the role of industry commons in facilitating supply chain resilience.

中文翻译：

---

通过使用多级公共资源实现供应链效率和弹性

我们在不同层面提供了“公地”的概念——公司内部、公司之间的私营部门和政府资助的跨行业部门——并讨论了创建此类公地如何使公司在正常时期既高效又能够抵御中断由 COVID-19 引起。同时，有许多行之有效的策略可在供应链中提供弹性。例如，在面临日常供需变化时使用多种渠道来提高效率的公司发现，当 COVID 发生时，该结构还提供了弹性，而无需额外成本。我们讨论了公地的存在如何降低企业采用这种建立弹性的供应链战略的成本。