Benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] as a representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is of worldwide i interest and widely studied in various fields. However, biological and biochemical actions of B(a)P in soil–wheat systems are still rarely reported. In view of the fact that the contents of B[a]P as a ubiquitous soil pollutant in the environment varies greatly, in our study at the laboratory-scale we explored control factors and aimed to increase basic knowledge of its variations and effects on soil–wheat systems. We studied this for different soil types (red, black, and brown) and for soils newly artificially contaminated (at rates of 0.1, 1, and 10 mg kg⁻¹), to provide some references for complicated 'real' cases. The bioavailability (extractability and bioaccumulation) and basic biological toxicity were tested. Results showed that B(a)P concentrations in soil–wheat (Tritticum aestivum L.) systems extracted by HPCD were insignificantly (p > 0.05) higher than Tenax-TA, and varied with soil types and spiked concentrations. Also, the root and shoot length were mostly inhibited from 0.88% to 26.35%, and 5.46% to 54.85%, respectively, by B(a)P in different soil types and increased with its increasing concentration. Comparatively, higher bioconcentration factor and translocation factor values were observed under lower group in red soil–wheat systems, and under higher added groups in black and brown soil–wheat systems. Moreover, inhibitive effects posed by B(a)P were mainly targeted at wheat shoots in these soils. This study provided a knowledge of B(a)P in ecosystems with different soil types and specific plant species, further to serve for soil environmental protection with many variations.

中文翻译：

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苯并（a）芘在三种土壤-小麦系统中的生物有效性和毒性变化：土壤质量指标

苯并(a)芘[B(a)P]作为代表性的多环芳烃(PAHs)在世界范围内引起了广泛关注，并在各个领域进行了广泛研究。然而，B(a)P 在土壤-小麦系统中的生物和生化作用仍然很少报道。鉴于B[a]P作为环境中普遍存在的土壤污染物的含量变化很大，在实验室规模的研究中，我们探索了控制因素，旨在增加对其变化和对土壤影响的基础知识——小麦系统。我们针对不同的土壤类型（红色、黑色和棕色）和新近人为污染的土壤（以 0.1、1 和 10 mg kg ^-1)，为复杂的“真实”案例提供一些参考。测试了生物利用度（可提取性和生物累积性）和基本生物毒性。结果表明，HPCD 提取的土壤-小麦 ( Tritticum aestivum L.) 系统中B(a)P 浓度不显着（p > 0.05) 高于 Tenax-TA，并且随土壤类型和加标浓度而变化。此外，B(a)P在不同土壤类型中对根和枝条长度的抑制程度分别为0.88%至26.35%和5.46%至54.85%，并随着其浓度的增加而增加。相比之下，在红壤-小麦系统中，在较低组下观察到较高的生物浓缩因子和易位因子值，在黑土和棕色土壤-小麦系统中，在添加较高的组下观察到较高的生物浓度因子和易位因子值。此外，B(a)P 的抑制作用主要针对这些土壤中的小麦芽。本研究提供了不同土壤类型和特定植物物种生态系统中B(a)P的知识，进一步为多变的土壤环境保护服务。