Pixel value ordering prediction has been verified as an effective mechanism to exploit image redundancy for reversible data hiding (RDH) and numerous extensions have been devised. However, their performance is still unsatisfactory since the error modification is generally fixed and independent of image content. In this paper, a new RDH scheme is proposed by incorporating pixel distance to realize adaptive multiple histograms modification (AMHM). During exploiting the correlation between the largest/smallest pixel and any other one in the scope of pixel block, we propose to process every two correlated pixels successively following the ascending order of their distance. Specifically, the generated errors with a given distance are collected and verified. If they are all shiftable errors, the follow-up errors would be collected into the next sub-histogram. In this way, a histogram sequence is adaptively generated such that different modification mechanisms can be taken for different sub-histograms to achieve adaptive embedding. Finally, AMHM for conventional prediction-error expansion (PEE) and AMHM for 2D PEE have been both realized in this paper. Experimental results show that AMHM is of great significance to better exploit pixel correlation and the proposed scheme outperforms a series of the latest schemes.

中文翻译：

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基于自适应多个直方图修正的可逆数据隐藏

像素值排序预测已被验证为利用图像冗余实现可逆数据隐藏（RDH）的有效机制，并且已经设计了许多扩展。但是，由于错误修改通常是固定的并且与图像内容无关，因此它们的性能仍然不能令人满意。本文提出了一种新的RDH方案，该方案通过结合像素距离来实现自适应多个直方图修改（AMHM）。在利用最大/最小像素与像素块范围内的任何其他像素之间的相关性时，我们建议按照其距离的升序顺序处理每两个相关像素。具体而言，将收集并验证所生成的具有给定距离的错误。如果它们都是可转移的错误，后续错误将被收集到下一个子直方图中。以这种方式，自适应地生成直方图序列，使得可以针对不同的子直方图采用不同的修改机制以实现自适应嵌入。最后，本文已经实现了用于常规预测误差扩展（PEE）的AMHM和用于2D PEE的AMHM。实验结果表明，AMHM对于更好地利用像素相关性具有重要意义，并且该方案优于一系列最新方案。