Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important grain crop in the world. Despite suitable soil-climatic conditions and high export potential, irrigated common bean production in Ukraine under performs due to a lack of sustainable management practices. The objective of our study was to evaluate the temporal effects of nitrogeN–Phosphorus (N–P) fertilization rates and tillage depth on the growth, yield, and water-use efficiency of common beans and selected soil physical properties. A 2 × 3 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications was conducted (2014–2016) at the Agricultural Land Cooperative Farm in the Kherson region of southern Ukraine. The factors were tillage depth (shallow tillage 0–20 cm vs. deep tillage of 0–30 cm) and N–P fertilization (control, N₄₅P₄₅, and N₉₀P₉₀ kg/ha). While tillage depth showed a marginal impact on the growth and yield of common beans, the N–P fertilization, in contrast, exerted significant effects on beans. Grain yields consistently increased by 25–30 % under N₄₅P₄₅ and N₉₀P₉₀ compared to the control; however, the effects of both N₄₅P₄₅ and N₉₀P₉₀ on grain yields were statistically similar. Likewise, the crude protein content was significantly higher by 17 % under N₉₀P₉₀ when compared to the control. As expected, the water-use efficiency (WUE) was significantly higher by 22–27 % under N₄₅P₄₅ and N₉₀P₉₀ when compared with the control; however, the N₄₅P₄₅ and N₉₀P₉₀ effects on WUE were non-significant. A similar effect (25–33 %) of N–P fertilizer was observed on irrigation-use efficiency (IUE) of beans. Soil bulk density (ρ_b) decreased significantly by 3 % in response to the temporal effects of the 0–30 cm tillage depth than that of the 0–20 cm tillage depth. Likewise, the 0–30 cm tillage depth significantly increased water infiltration by 7 % compared to the 0–20 cm tillage depth. The boundary line technique to evaluate the relationship between N–P fertilization and grain yield indicating that N₄₅P₄₅ produces near maximum economic grain production (95 %) comparable with N₉₀P₉₀, suggesting a savings of 45 kg/ha of both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers. While the impact of N–P fertilization was equally effective under both tillage depths, our results recommended that shallow tillage (0–20 cm) can be equally effective for irrigated common bean production to avoid deep tillage (0–30 cm).

普通豆（菜豆）是世界上一种重要的谷物。尽管合适的土壤气候条件和较高的出口潜力，但由于缺乏可持续管理措施，乌克兰灌溉普通豆的生产仍然表现不佳。我们研究的目的是评估硝态氮-磷（N-P）施肥速率和耕作深度对普通豆类的生长，产量和水分利用效率以及所选土壤物理特性的时间影响。在乌克兰南部的赫尔松地区的农业土地合作农场（2014-2016年）进行了完全随机设计的2×3阶乘实验，进行了四次重复。影响因素包括耕作深度（浅耕0–20 cm与深耕0–30 cm）和N–P施肥（对照，N ₄₅P ₄₅和N ₉₀ P ₉₀ kg / ha）。耕作深度对普通豆的生长和产量影响不大，而氮磷钾肥对豆的生长影响显着。与对照相比，在N ₄₅ P ₄₅和N ₉₀ P ₉₀下，谷物单产持续提高25-30％。然而，N ₄₅ P ₄₅和N ₉₀ P ₉₀对谷物产量的影响在统计学上相似。同样，在N ₉₀ P ₉₀下，粗蛋白含量明显提高了17％。与对照相比。不出所料，与对照组相比，在N ₄₅ P ₄₅和N ₉₀ P ₉₀下，水分利用效率（WUE）显着提高了22–27％。但是，N ₄₅ P ₄₅和N ₉₀ P ₉₀对WUE的影响不显着。氮磷肥对豆类的灌溉利用效率（IUE）的影响相似（25-33％）。土壤堆积密度（ρ _b）对0–30 cm耕作深度的时间效应比0–20 cm耕作深度的响应时间显着降低了3％。同样，与0–20 cm耕作深度相比，0–30 cm耕作深度显着增加了7％的水分入渗。用边界线技术评估氮磷钾肥与谷物产量之间的关系，表明氮磷钾₄₅ P ₄₅与氮磷钾₉₀ P ₉₀相比可产生接近最大的经济谷物产量（95％），表明氮（N）和磷（P）肥料每公顷可节省45 kg。尽管在两种耕作深度下氮磷肥的影响均有效，但我们的结果建议，浅耕（0–20厘米）对灌溉普通豆生产同样有效，以避免深耕（0–30厘米）。