We compared soil physical, chemical and biological properties, erosion rate and carbon allocation to soil physical fractions between conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) management at a clay soil site under spring cereal monoculture in southwestern Finland. Subsurface drain discharge, surface runoff and soil erosion were continuously monitored in 2008 − 2018. At the end of the 10-year monitoring period in 2018, various soil properties and earthworm total density, mass and species richness were determined. Total soil erosion was 56 % less in NT than in CT although surface water discharge was higher in NT. NT had a clear effect on the topsoil physical structure by decreasing the pore size and increasing soil aggregate size. The total soil carbon stock in the 700 kg m⁻² mineral topsoil layer (approx. 0−60 cm layer) was slightly lower in NT (108 ± 12 Mg C ha^-1) than in CT (118 ± 9.0 Mg C ha^-1) due to lower carbon content of the 10−30 cm layer in NT. In NT the proportion of large macroaggregates was higher and more organic carbon was bound to large macroaggregates in the 0−10 cm layer which may be related to the higher abundance of earthworms in NT. The results showed that NT is an effective method to reduce erosion rates but other means to increase carbon input especially below the topsoil layer are likely required to achieve a significant increase in the carbon stock of boreal clay soils. For both tillage managements, the rate of erosion through subsurface drains depended clearly on annual precipitation and winter temperature, posing a challenge in the future climate with mild winters and more extreme discharges.

我们比较了芬兰西南部春季谷物单一栽培条件下的传统耕作（CT）和免耕（NT）管理之间的土壤物理，化学和生物学特性，侵蚀速率和碳分配与土壤物理组分之间的关​​系。在2008年至2018年连续监测地下排水，地表径流和土壤侵蚀。在2018年的十年监测期结束时，确定了各种土壤特性和and的总密度，质量和物种丰富度。尽管北卡罗来纳州的地表水排放量较高，但北卡罗来纳州的土壤总侵蚀量比CT少56％。NT通过减小孔隙尺寸和增加土壤团聚体尺寸，对表土的物理结构产生了明显的影响。700 kg m ^-2的土壤总碳储量NT（108±12 Mg C ha ^-1）中的矿物表土层（约0-60 cm层）比CT（118±9.0 Mg C ha ^-1）略低）是因为NT中10-30 cm层的碳含量较低。在北半球，较大的大团聚体的比例较高，在0-10 cm的层中，较大的大团聚体结合了更多的有机碳，这可能与北半球earth的丰度较高有关。结果表明，NT是降低侵蚀速率的有效方法，但是可能需要其他增加碳输入的方法，尤其是在表土层以下，才能显着增加北方粘土土壤的碳储量。对于两种耕作管理方式，地下排水沟的侵蚀速率显然取决于年降水量和冬季温度，这对冬季温和，排放量极端增加的未来气候构成了挑战。