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Crowd-sourced plant occurrence data provide a reliable description of macroecological gradients
Ecography ( IF 5.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-11 , DOI: 10.1111/ecog.05492
Miguel D. Mahecha 1, 2 , Michael Rzanny 3 , Guido Kraemer 1 , Patrick Mäder 4 , Marco Seeland 4 , Jana Wäldchen 3
Affiliation  

Deep learning algorithms classify plant species with high accuracy, and smartphone applications leverage this technology to enable users to identify plant species in the field. The question we address here is whether such crowd-sourced data contain substantial macroecological information. In particular, we aim to understand if we can detect known environmental gradients shaping plant co-occurrences. In this study we analysed 1 million data points collected through the use of the mobile app Flora Incognita between 2018 and 2019 in Germany and compared them with Florkart, containing plant occurrence data collected by more than 5000 floristic experts over a 70-year period. The direct comparison of the two data sets reveals that the crowd-sourced data particularly undersample areas of low population density. However, using nonlinear dimensionality reduction we were able to uncover macroecological patterns in both data sets that correspond well to each other. Mean annual temperature, temperature seasonality and wind dynamics as well as soil water content and soil texture represent the most important gradients shaping species composition in both data collections. Our analysis describes one way of how automated species identification could soon enable near real-time monitoring of macroecological patterns and their changes, but also discusses biases that must be carefully considered before crowd-sourced biodiversity data can effectively guide conservation measures.

中文翻译:

众包植物发生数据提供了宏观生态梯度的可靠描述

深度学习算法以高精度对植物物种进行分类,智能手机应用程序利用该技术使用户能够在田间识别植物物种。我们在这里解决的问题是,这些众包数据是否包含大量的宏观生态信息。特别是,我们的目标是了解我们是否可以检测到影响植物共生的已知环境梯度。在这项研究中,我们分析了 2018 年至 2019 年在德国使用移动应用程序 Flora Incognita 收集的 100 万个数据点,并将它们与 Florkart 进行了比较,其中包含 5000 多名植物学专家在 70 年期间收集的植物发生数据。两个数据集的直接比较表明,众包数据特别是对低人口密度地区的样本不足。然而,使用非线性降维,我们能够在两个数据集中发现相互对应的宏观生态模式。年平均温度、温度季节性和风动态以及土壤含水量和土壤质地代表了两个数据收集中塑造物种组成的最重要梯度。我们的分析描述了自动化物种识别如何很快实现对宏观生态模式及其变化的近实时监测的一种方式,但也讨论了在众包生物多样性数据可以有效指导保护措施之前必须仔细考虑的偏见。温度季节性和风动态以及土壤含水量和土壤质地代表了两个数据收集中塑造物种组成的最重要梯度。我们的分析描述了自动化物种识别如何很快实现对宏观生态模式及其变化的近实时监测的一种方式,但也讨论了在众包生物多样性数据可以有效指导保护措施之前必须仔细考虑的偏见。温度季节性和风动态以及土壤含水量和土壤质地代表了两个数据收集中塑造物种组成的最重要梯度。我们的分析描述了自动化物种识别如何很快实现对宏观生态模式及其变化的近实时监测的一种方式,但也讨论了在众包生物多样性数据可以有效指导保护措施之前必须仔细考虑的偏见。
更新日期:2021-05-11
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