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The Microbial Devulcanisation of Waste Ground Tyre Rubber Using At. ferrooxidans DSMZ 14,882 and an Unclassified Sulphur-Oxidising Consortium
Waste and Biomass Valorization ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-10 , DOI: 10.1007/s12649-021-01468-0
Kathryn Mary Allan , Oscar K. K. Bedzo , Eugéne van Rensburg , Johann F. Görgens

Purpose

Sol fraction, a measure of the free polymers removed from a ground tyre rubber (GTR) by organic solvent, and crosslink density, a measure of the number of sulphur crosslinks in the GTR, are necessary to determine whether a microbial activity causes both devulcanization and carbon degradation. The suitability of two sol fraction measurement methods to assessing the devulcanisation performance of At. ferrooxidans and a sulphur-oxidising consortium on industrial GTR was investigated.

Method

The devulcanisation performance and the relation between two Sol fraction methods (American Standard Testing Method, ASTM D6814 and the altered method) were determined for Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (DSMZ 14,882) and a mesophilic, sulphur-oxidising acidophilic consortium (UCT-30), used to treat unleached ground tyre rubber (untreated GTR) for 30 days.

Results

Both cultures were able to devulcanise untreated GTR after 30 days of incubation, despite the negative impact of the untreated GTR toxins on growth performance. The sulphur-oxidising consortium displayed the greatest toxin resistance and attached cells were observed at the surface of the untreated GTR particles. At. ferrooxidans (DSMZ 14,882) increased the Sol fraction of the GTR by 1.09 ± 0.9% (0.46 ± 0.1% ASTM) without causing any polymer degradation, whereas the sulphur-oxidising consortium increased the sol fraction by 0.56 ± 0.82% (− 0.26 ± 0.1% ASTM), but also caused polymer degradation at the surface of the GTR particles due to the activity of the heterotrophic microorganisms. In the comparison of the Sol fraction methods, ASTM yielded smaller absolute values, but better precision than the altered method. The absolute values for ASTM method fell within the range for the altered method due to the latter’s large variance. In addition, the ASTM method produced a change in sol fraction (Δsol) that was more consistent across the unleached GTR tested than the altered method

Conclusion

The ASTM sol fraction method provides better precision than the altered sol fraction method, making it more likely to indicate a statistically significant difference, despite the small absolute values measured. The altered method’s more aggressive treatment leads to larger observed changes in the sol fraction, making it easier to identify qualitative changes in the GTR properties. However, the higher temperature method also introduces increased variability leading to poor statistical significance of the results. Therefore, the results should not be reported without a quantification of the error.

Graphic Abstract



中文翻译:

废旧轮胎橡胶的微生物脱硫 三氧化二铁DSMZ 14,882和未分类的硫氧化财团

目的

溶胶分数是通过有机溶剂从磨碎的轮胎橡胶(GTR)中除去的游离聚合物的量度,而交联密度是GTR中硫交联数的量度,对于确定微生物活性是否既引起脱硫又引起脱硫是必不可少的。碳降解。两种溶胶分数测量方法是否适用于评估At的脱硫性能杆菌和工业GTR硫氧化财团进行了研究。

方法

确定了酸性氧化铁硫杆菌(DSMZ 14,882)和中温,硫氧化酸性嗜酸性聚体(UCT-30)的脱硫性能以及两种溶胶分离方法(美国标准测试方法,ASTM D6814和变更方法)之间的关系。处理30天未沥滤的地面轮胎橡胶(未经处理的GTR)。

结果

尽管未处理的GTR毒素对生长性能有负面影响,但在培养30天后,两种培养物都能使未处理的GTR脱硫。硫氧化财团显示出最大的抗毒素性,并且在未处理的GTR颗粒的表面观察到附着的细胞。在。亚铁氧化物(DSMZ 14,882)在不引起任何聚合物降解的情况下将GTR的溶胶分数提高了1.09±0.9%(0.46±0.1%ASTM),而硫磺氧化财团将溶胶分数提高了0.56±0.82%(-0.26±0.1%) ASTM),但由于异养微生物的活性,也导致聚合物在GTR颗粒表面降解。在Sol分数法的比较中,ASTM产生的绝对值更小,但比更改方法的精度更高。由于ASTM方法的差异较大,ASTM方法的绝对值落在更改方法的范围内。此外,ASTM方法产生的溶胶分数(Δsol)的变化在测试的未浸出GTR中比更改后的方法更一致

结论

尽管测得的绝对值很小,但ASTM溶胶分数法比更改的溶胶分数法具有更高的精度,这使其更有可能显示出统计学上的显着差异。改变方法的更积极的处理导致溶胶分数的更大观察到的变化,从而更容易识别GTR特性的定性变化。但是,较高温度的方法还会引入更多的可变性,从而导致结果的统计意义不佳。因此,如果不对误差进行量化,则不应报告结果。

图形摘要

更新日期:2021-05-11
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