The ubiquitous appearance of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments brings about a growing concern for plastic pollution. Although the MPs occurrence, transportation, fate, and impacts have been summarized thoroughly, it calls for a better understanding of the control and removal strategies for aquatic MPs. Herein, we emphasized the positive effect of source control for MPs removal. Besides, we systematically reviewed the published removal technologies, including filtration, membrane technology, density separation, coagulation, agglomeration, adsorption removal, magnetic separation, oil film separation, froth flotation, and advanced oxidation processes. We also put forward potential challenges and possible improvement protocols for removal strategies and treatment processes of MPs. Exploring MPs characteristics may facilitate the removal technologies of MPs. A specific removal technology contributes to the high removal efficiency under experimental conditions, but in aquatic environments, a desirable extraction requires large-scale experiments. At last, the removal strategies of MPs can borrow separation methods with high-performance from other fields.

在水生环境中无处不在的微塑料（MPs）引起了人们日益关注的塑料污染问题。尽管已经对MPs的发生，运输，命运和影响进行了全面的总结，但它需要更好地了解水生MPs的控制和清除策略。在这里，我们强调了源代码控制对MP删除的积极作用。此外，我们系统地审查了已发表的去除技术，包括过滤，膜技术，密度分离，凝聚，团聚，吸附去除，磁分离，油膜分离，泡沫浮选和高级氧化工艺。我们还针对MP的去除策略和处理过程提出了潜在的挑战和可能的改进方案。探索MP的特性可能有助于MP的删除技术。一种特殊的去除技术有助于在实验条件下实现较高的去除效率，但是在水生环境中，理想的提取需要大规模的实验。最后，国会议员的撤职策略可以借鉴其他领域的高性能分离方法。