This study aims to assess vitamin D deficiency-induced dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study was carried out among 455 T2DM patients involving poor glycemic control ( n = 247) and good glycemic control ( n = 208). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA 1 c were measured to assess glycemic control. Cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic index plasma, and atherogenic coefficient were calculated to assess and compare the CVD risk in different groups. Patients with poor control had a significantly higher level of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and non-high-density lipoprotein lipase cholesterol (non-HDL-C), atherogenic variables, and lower level of high-density lipoprotein lipase cholesterol (HDL-C) as compared to patients with good glycemic control. We also observed significant negative correlation of vitamin D with lipid markers and atherogenic variables in poor glycemic control diabetic population. The serum vitamin D levels were inversely associated with HbA 1 c, FPG, TG, TC, and non-HDL-C. Furthermore, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and elevated non-HDL-C were the independent risks in hypovitaminosis D population. Vitamin D deficiency in poor glycemic control is likely to develop dyslipidemia as compared to vitamin D insufficient and sufficient groups. Thus, vitamin D supplementation and an increase in exposure to sunlight may reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications in diabetes.

中文翻译：

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2型糖尿病人群的维生素D缺乏症和心血管风险

这项研究旨在评估2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血糖控制不佳时维生素D缺乏引起的血脂异常和心血管疾病（CVD）的风险。这项研究是在455名血糖控制不佳（n = 247）和血糖控制良好（n = 208）的T2DM患者中进行的。测量空腹血糖（FPG）和HbA 1c以评估血糖控制。计算心脏风险比，动脉粥样硬化指数血浆和动脉粥样硬化系数，以评估和比较不同组中的CVD风险。对照不良的患者的总胆固醇（TC），甘油三酸酯（TG）和非高密度脂蛋白脂肪酶胆固醇（non-HDL-C）水平明显升高，动脉粥样硬化变量和高密度脂蛋白脂肪酶水平较低与血糖控制良好的患者相比，胆固醇（HDL-C）高。我们还观察到维生素D与不良血糖控制糖尿病人群中的脂质标记物和动脉粥样硬化变量显着负相关。血清维生素D水平与HbA 1c，FPG，TG，TC和非HDL-C呈负相关。此外，高胆固醇血症，高甘油三酯血症和非HDL-C升高是维生素D缺乏症人群的独立风险。与维生素D不足和足够的人群相比，血糖控制不佳的维生素D缺乏症很可能导致血脂异常。因此，补充维生素D和增加阳光照射可降低糖尿病患心血管并发症的风险。血清维生素D水平与HbA 1c，FPG，TG，TC和非HDL-C呈负相关。此外，高胆固醇血症，高甘油三酯血症和非HDL-C升高是维生素D缺乏症人群的独立风险。与维生素D不足和足够的人群相比，血糖控制不佳的维生素D缺乏症很可能导致血脂异常。因此，补充维生素D和增加阳光照射可降低糖尿病患心血管并发症的风险。血清维生素D水平与HbA 1c，FPG，TG，TC和非HDL-C呈负相关。此外，高胆固醇血症，高甘油三酯血症和非HDL-C升高是维生素D缺乏症人群的独立风险。与维生素D不足和足够的人群相比，血糖控制不佳的维生素D缺乏症很可能导致血脂异常。因此，补充维生素D和增加阳光照射可降低糖尿病患心血管并发症的风险。