We analyzed temperature and salinity data and oxygen isotope ratios (δ¹⁸O) in summer 2018 in order to quantify the formation of dense shelf water (DSW) associated with sea ice freezing in the Gulf of Anadyr in the northwestern Bering Sea. Salinity and δ¹⁸O displayed a strong linear relationship in samples upstream (southwest) of the Gulf of Anadyr. However, in bottom water (>26.5 σ_θ) in the northern Gulf of Anadyr, where a large polynya is the site of high sea ice production in winter, salinity was clearly higher than in the upstream water, whereas δ¹⁸O was in the same range. This deviation is consistent with the formation of sea ice through brine rejection and subsequent DSW formation, causing an increase of salinity without changing δ¹⁸O. A mass balance calculation based on these results yielded an estimated production of sea ice equivalent to a thickness 0.7 m, a result that matched an independent estimate of 2018 annual ice production based on satellite data. Even though the winter of 2018 had a historically low sea ice extent in the Bering Sea, including the Gulf of Anadyr, our results indicate continued DSW formation in the Gulf of Anadyr.

我们分析了温度和盐度数据和氧同位素比率（δ ¹⁸，以便量化与海冰阿纳德尔湾在西北白令海冷冻相关联密货架水（DSW）形成O）在夏季2018。盐度和δ ¹⁸ ö显示阿纳德尔湾在样品的上游（西南）很强的线性关系。然而，在底部水（> 26.5σ _θ）在北部湾阿纳德尔，其中一个大冰穴是高海冰生产在冬季的部位，盐度显然比在上游水高，而δ ¹⁸O在相同范围内。这个偏差是通过盐水排斥和随后形成DSW形成海冰的一致，而不改变δ引起盐度的增加¹⁸基于这些结果O.质量平衡计算得到的估计生产等效海冰的厚度0.7米，该结果与基于卫星数据的2018年年度冰产量的独立估计相匹配。尽管2018年冬季白令海（包括阿纳德尔湾）的海冰面积一直处于历史低位，但我们的结果表明阿纳德尔湾的DSW继续形成。