Siderite ore is a typical and widely available refractory iron ore. In consideration of the growing demand for iron ores and the increasing pressure to reduce emissions in the steel industry, a green technology-based utilization of siderite ore as an electric arc furnace (EAF) burden by applying carburization roasting and magnetic separation processes is proposed. Under optimized conditions, an electric furnace burden (Fe₃C) assaying 81.62% Fe and 6.48% C, with a corresponding iron recovery rate of 91.33%, is prepared. Moreover, when compared with the traditional blast furnace (BF)–basic oxygen furnace (BOF) long process, the CO₂ and NO_x reductions amount to 17.60% and 35.07%, respectively. Furthermore, the carburization behavior and separation mechanism are revealed using X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and optical microscopy. The results show that siderite can be carburized to Fe₃C; however, the separation efficiency of iron carbide and gangue is very low. Furthermore, Na₂SO₄ is a necessary additive to enhance the separation efficiency as it improves the carburized efficiency, increases the iron carbide particle size, and improves the embedded relationship of gangue and iron carbide. The proposed technology is promising for the utilization of siderite ores in terms of product value and environmental friendliness.

中文翻译：

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基于绿色技术的难熔菱铁矿制备电弧炉炉料

菱铁矿是一种典型且广泛使用的难选铁矿石。考虑到对铁矿石的需求不断增长以及钢铁行业减排压力越来越大，提出了一种基于绿色技术的菱铁矿矿石作为电弧炉（EAF）炉料，采用渗碳焙烧和磁选工艺。在优化条件下，制备出铁含量为81.62%、碳含量为6.48%的电炉料（Fe ₃ C），相应的铁回收率为91.33%。此外，与传统的高炉（BF）-转氧炉（BOF）长工艺相比，CO ₂和 NO _x分别减少了 17.60% 和 35.07%。此外，使用 X 射线粉末衍射、扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜揭示了渗碳行为和分离机制。结果表明菱铁矿可以渗碳为Fe ₃ C；但是，碳化铁和脉石的分离效率很低。此外，Na ₂ SO ₄是提高分离效率的必要添加剂，因为它提高了渗碳效率，增加了碳化铁粒径，改善了脉石与碳化铁的嵌入关系。所提出的技术在产品价值和环境友好性方面有望用于菱铁矿的利用。