Food and Environmental Virology ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-11 , DOI: 10.1007/s12560-021-09477-x Emmy Borgmästars 1, 2 , Sofia Persson 1, 3 , Maria Hellmér 1, 3 , Magnus Simonsson 1, 3 , Ronnie Eriksson 1, 3
Concentration of viruses in water is necessary for detection and quantification of the viruses present, in order to evaluate microbiological barriers in water treatment plants and detect pathogenic viruses during waterborne outbreaks, but there is currently no standardised procedure. In this study, we implemented a previously described fast and simple lanthanum-based protocol for concentration of norovirus genogroup I (GI), genogroup II (GII) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in drinking and surface water. We compared the results with those of a widely used skimmed milk flocculation method, followed by nucleic acid extraction and RT-qPCR detection. Three seeding levels, with intended concentrations 5 × 103, 5 × 104 and 5 × 105 genome copies/10 L, were added to drinking water or surface water. All seed levels were detected with both flocculation methods. Samples extracted with skimmed milk flocculation had on average 1.82, 1.86 and 1.38 times higher measured concentration of norovirus GI, GII and HAV, respectively, than those extracted with lanthanum flocculation, across all seeding levels and water types tested. Mengovirus was used as a positive process control. Mengovirus recovery was higher for skimmed milk (40.7% in drinking water, 26.0% in surface water) than for lanthanum flocculation (24.4% in drinking water, 9.7% in surface water). Together, this indicates that skimmed milk flocculation provides higher viral recovery than lanthanum flocculation. However, lanthanum-based flocculation can be performed much faster than skimmed milk flocculation (1.5 h versus 16 h flocculation time) and thus could be a good alternative for rapid monitoring of viruses in water.
中文翻译:
脱脂牛奶和镧絮凝对水中病原病毒浓度的比较
水中病毒的浓度对于检测和量化存在的病毒是必要的,以便评估水处理厂中的微生物屏障并在水传播暴发期间检测致病病毒,但目前没有标准化的程序。在这项研究中,我们实施了先前描述的快速和简单的基于镧的协议,用于在饮用水和地表水中浓缩诺如病毒基因组 I (GI)、基因组 II (GII) 和甲型肝炎病毒 (HAV)。我们将结果与广泛使用的脱脂牛奶絮凝方法的结果进行了比较,然后进行核酸提取和 RT-qPCR 检测。三个播种水平,预期浓度为 5 × 10 3、5 × 10 4和 5 × 10 5将基因组拷贝数/10 L 添加到饮用水或地表水中。使用两种絮凝方法检测所有种子水平。在所有测试的播种水平和水类型中,用脱脂牛奶絮凝法提取的样品的诺如病毒 GI、GII 和 HAV 浓度平均分别比用镧絮凝法提取的样品高 1.82、1.86 和 1.38 倍。孟戈病毒用作阳性过程对照。脱脂牛奶(饮用水中 40.7%,地表水中 26.0%)的孟戈病毒回收率高于镧絮凝(饮用水中 24.4%,地表水中 9.7%)。总之,这表明脱脂牛奶絮凝比镧絮凝提供更高的病毒回收率。然而,基于镧的絮凝可以比脱脂牛奶絮凝快得多(1.