In stocking program, the use of artificial incubation conditions in hatcheries from the fertilisation of eggs to the release of unfed fry could reduce their ability to adapt to the natural environment. This study evaluates the effects of three factors on the fitness and physiology of salmon fry at their emergence, the origin of water (river vs drilling), the type of support in the incubator (support matrix vs plastic sheets) and the type of incubators (Californian vs vertical trays), and compares them to a semi-natural incubation method in river. Key biological functions including nutritional and immune status were compared among experimental conditions using biometric parameters, lipid composition and gene expression analyses. Our findings demonstrated that fry incubated in vertical trays supplied with river water had no significant difference in growth and lipid composition compared to those in semi-natural incubators. Besides, fry incubated on a substrate matrix in Californian trays exhibited phenotypic characteristics closest to those incubated in river. This support matrix improved fish growth, lipid consumption and distribution compared to fry on plastic sheets. Moreover, the large amounts of several PUFAs in these fry could allow a better membrane fluidity ensuring a better adaptation to temperature variation under cold conditions. In addition, drilling water improved the survival rate compared to river water due to lower numbers of fine particles, known to be responsible for the clogging of eggs. To conclude, using a substrate combined with drilling water in artificial incubators could increase fry fitness and its adaption to wild life.

在放养计划中，孵化场从受精到释放未喂食鱼苗的人工孵化条件可能会降低其适应自然环境的能力。本研究评估了三个因素对鲑鱼苗出现时的健康和生理的影响、水源（河流与钻孔）、孵化器中的支撑类型（支撑矩阵与塑料片）和孵化器类型（加利福尼亚与垂直托盘），并将它们与河流中的半自然孵化方法进行比较。使用生物特征参数、脂质成分和基因表达分析在实验条件下比较了包括营养和免疫状态在内的关键生物学功能。我们的研究结果表明，与半天然孵化器相比，在供应河水的垂直托盘中孵化的鱼苗在生长和脂质成分方面没有显着差异。此外，在加利福尼亚托盘中的基质基质上孵化的鱼苗表现出与在河中孵化的鱼苗最接近的表型特征。与塑料片上的鱼苗相比，这种支持基质改善了鱼的生长、脂肪消耗和分布。此外，这些鱼苗中大量的几种 PUFA 可以提供更好的膜流动性，确保更好地适应寒冷条件下的温度变化。此外，与河水相比，钻井水提高了成活率，因为细颗粒的数量较少，已知是造成卵堵塞的原因。总结一下，