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A conceptual framework and experimental design for analysing the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) in agroforestry systems
Basic and Applied Ecology ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-11 , DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.05.002
Julia Schwarz , Florian Schnabel , Jürgen Bauhus

There is compelling evidence for positive effects of plant diversity on the functioning of forests and agroecosystems. This information is increasingly used to optimize production systems that provide a wide range of ecosystem services. While agroforestry is actively promoted for the sustainable intensification of agriculture and restoration of degraded landscapes, there is a paucity of knowledge on Biodiversity Ecosystem Functioning (BEF) relationships in agroforestry systems. Since BEF-relationships in agroforestry might be shaped by combinations of different life-forms (e.g. trees, shrubs, herbs) and their interactions, experiences from grassland and forest experiments cannot be readily transferred to agroforestry. This highlights the need for a new type of experiments in agroforestry to advance our understanding of the role of biodiversity for the functioning of these systems. Therefore, our aim was to develop a conceptual framework for analysing BEF-relationships in agroforestry systems and to present an exemplary design for this purpose, which we placed in a (sub)tropical context. Based on designs used in tree diversity experiments, we suggest four major design principles: 1) a trait-based approach for selecting tree and crop species, 2) the integration of trees and crops along a gradient of functional diversity, 3) maintaining constant density across different combinations of life-forms in agroforests through the concept of “growing-patch-density”, and 4) disentangling a priori the effects of species diversity on ecosystem functioning from those of structural and functional diversity, defined here as the variation in structural attributes such as plant dimensions and in plant functional traits, respectively. Our conceptual design and the embedded principles offer a promising avenue to identify important drivers of specific BEF-relationships and to quantify management influences on these. This design can support new research projects that aim at improving ecosystem functioning of agroforestry with the view of optimizing the provision of ecosystem services and facilitation of ecosystem restoration.



中文翻译:

用于分析农林业系统中生物多样性与生态系统功能(BEF)之间关系的概念框架和实验设计

有令人信服的证据表明植物多样性对森林和农业生态系统的功能具有积极作用。这些信息越来越多地用于优化提供广泛生态系统服务的生产系统。虽然积极促进农林业以促进农业的可持续集约化和退化景观的恢复,但对农林业系统中生物多样性生态系统功能(BEF)关系的知识很少。由于农林业中的BEF关系可能是由不同的生命形式(例如树木,灌木,草药)及其相互作用共同形成的,因此草原和森林实验的经验不能轻易地转移到农林业中。这突出显示了需要进行新型农林业试验的方法,以加深我们对生物多样性在这些系统的功能中的作用的理解。因此,我们的目标是建立一个分析农林业系统中BEF关系的概念框架,并为此目的提供一个示例性设计,并将其置于(亚热带)环境中。基于树木多样性实验中使用的设计,我们提出了四个主要设计原则:1)基于特征的方法来选择树木和农作物种类; 2)沿功能多样性的梯度整合树木和农作物; 3)保持恒定的密度通过“生长斑块密度”的概念跨越农林不同生命形式的组合,以及4)解开缠结 我们的目标是开发一个概念框架,用于分析农林业系统中的BEF关系,并为此目的提供一个示例性设计,并将其置于(亚热带)环境中。基于树木多样性实验中使用的设计,我们提出了四个主要设计原则:1)基于特征的方法来选择树木和农作物种类; 2)沿功能多样性的梯度整合树木和农作物; 3)保持恒定的密度通过“生长斑块密度”的概念跨越农林不同生命形式的组合,以及4)解开缠结 我们的目标是开发一个概念框架,用于分析农林业系统中的BEF关系,并为此目的提供一个示例性设计,并将其置于(亚热带)环境中。基于树木多样性实验中使用的设计,我们提出了四个主要设计原则:1)基于特征的方法来选择树木和农作物种类; 2)沿功能多样性的梯度整合树木和农作物; 3)保持恒定的密度通过“生长斑块密度”的概念跨越农林不同生命形式的组合,以及4)解开缠结从结构和功能多样性的角度来看,物种多样性对生态系统功能的影响是先验的,这里定义为结构属性(例如植物尺寸)和植物功能性状的变化。我们的概念设计和内嵌原则为确定特定BEF关系的重要驱动因素并量化管理对这些因素的影响提供了一个有希望的途径。该设计可以支持旨在改善农林业生态系统功能的新研究项目,以优化生态系统服务的提供和促进生态系统的恢复。

更新日期:2021-05-11
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