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Vulnerability of tourism to climate change on the Mediterranean coastal area of El Hammam–EL Alamein, Egypt
Environment, Development and Sustainability ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-11 , DOI: 10.1007/s10668-021-01488-9
Esraa A. El-Masry , Mahmoud Kh. El-Sayed , Mohamed A. Awad , Amr A. El-Sammak , Mohamed A. El Sabarouti

The north-western Mediterranean coast of Egypt, including the study area from El Hammam to EL Alamein, is a hub for economic and coastal tourism development. Coastal tourism is recognized as a driving force for the economic development and sustainability in Egypt, however, it is an environment and climate-dependent industry. This study explores the potential impacts of climate change (CC) and the sea-level rise (SLR) on coastal tourism in El Hammam—EL Alamein area. The adopted methodological framework for this study comprises the assessment of the vulnerability of the area and the coastal tourism to climate change and sea-level rise via the development of a digital elevation model (DEM) and inundation models, besides the assessment of the temperature change employing the tourism climate index (TCI). The (DEM) and inundation models demonstrate the vulnerability of the eastern sector of the study area to the projected (SLR) following the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP 2.6 & 8.5) scenarios. Consequently, 34 to 36 coastal resorts will be inundated (about 46.5% and 49.3%) from the existing 74 resorts; and most likely the area will experience the following: (a) regression of the shoreline and beach erosion, (b) damage of the coastal infrastructure, (c) devalue of the coastal tourism destination, and (d) decline of revenues. The tourism climate index revealed that the area at present ranges from very good to ideal, in terms of tourism climatic suitability, however, it will experience in the future a shift in the peak seasons from the summer months to the autumn and spring seasons. Assessment of the existing adaptive measures in the area indicates their inadequacy to face the future (CC) and (SLR) and other natural risks such as storms and tsunamis. Actions for adaptation and protection measures to minimize the projected adverse impact of (CC) are proposed to ensure the coastal development and tourism sustainability of the area.



中文翻译:

埃及El Hammam–EL Alamein地中海沿岸地区旅游业对气候变化的脆弱性

埃及西北地中海沿岸,包括从哈曼(El Hammam)到阿拉曼(EL Alamein)的研究区,是经济和沿海旅游业发展的枢纽。沿海旅游业被认为是埃及经济发展和可持续性的推动力,但是,它是一个依赖于环境和气候的产业。本研究探讨了气候变化(CC)和海平面上升(SLR)对El Hammam-EL Alamein地区的沿海旅游业的潜在影响。本研究采用的方法框架包括通过开发数字高程模型(DEM)和淹没模型来评估该地区和沿海旅游业对气候变化和海平面上升的脆弱性,以及评估温度变化。采用旅游气候指数(TCI)。(DEM)模型和淹没模型显示了政府间气候变化专门委员会代表集中路径(RCP 2.6和8.5)情景下研究区东部地区对预计(SLR)的脆弱性。因此,现有74个度假胜地中有34至36个沿海度假胜地将被淹没(分别占46.5%和49.3%);最有可能使该地区经历以下情况:(a)海岸线和海滩侵蚀的消退;(b)沿海基础设施的破坏;(c)沿海旅游目的地的贬值;(d)收入下降。旅游气候指数显示,就旅游气候适应性而言,目前该地区的范围从非常好到理想,但未来它将经历高峰季节从夏季到秋季和春季的转变。对该地区现有适应性措施的评估表明,它们不足以应对未来(CC)和(SLR)以及其他自然风险,例如风暴和海啸。为确保该地区的沿海开发和旅游业的可持续性,提出了采取适应和保护措施的措施,以最大程度地减少(CC)的不利影响。

更新日期:2021-05-11
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