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Strategies to mitigate economic hardship among family dairy farms of Central Mexico
Experimental Agriculture ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-11 , DOI: 10.1017/s0014479721000077
Carlos Galdino Martínez-García , Claire Clugston , Carlos Manuel Arriaga-Jordán , Jesús Olmos-Colmenero , Michel André Wattiaux

The economic hardship of dairy producers has worsened in the last decade because of increasing costs of production. A field survey with 51 dairy farmers was conducted to explore strategies to mitigate economic hardship. Factor and cluster analyses were conducted to characterize the farmers and their farms. Differences among groups regarding changes adopted to increase incomes, to reduce costs, and to pay bills were tested using Fisher’s exact test. Four factors explained 76.2% of the cumulative variance and four groups were identified: “stagnant farms” were in group 1, with the lowest daily income over concentrate feed cost (DIOCFC) and the least number of changes, “effectively management farms” were in group 2, with the highest DIOCFC and the highest number of income-increasing changes, the “cost reducing farms” were in group 3, with the smallest in size with a focus on cutting cost, and the “mixed strategy farms” were in group 4, with the largest herd size. Most prevalent income-increasing strategies included attempts to improve cow nutritional balance and milk composition, whereas the most prevalent cost-reducing strategies included reductions in input purchases of inputs (concentrates and fertilizers) and selected household expenses. Selling cows was a common strategy to generate cash in acute hardship situations. In conclusion, responses to economic hardship varied substantially among groups of farms, cost-reducing strategies were linked to lower cow productivity and lower technological levels, but income-increasing strategies were linked to higher cow productivity and higher DIOCFC. Our findings may contribute to the design of extension initiatives to promote useful strategies to help mitigate economic hardship on dairy farms.

中文翻译:

缓解中部墨西哥家庭奶牛场经济困难的策略

由于生产成本的增加,乳制品生产商的经济困境在过去十年中恶化了。对 51 名奶农进行了实地调查,以探索缓解经济困难的策略。进行因子和聚类分析以描述农民及其农场的特征。使用费舍尔精确检验测试了在增加收入、降低成本和支付账单方面所采取的改变的群体之间的差异。四个因素解释了 76.2% 的累积方差,并确定了四组:“停滞的农场”属于第 1 组,日收入超过精饲料成本 (DIOCFC) 最低,变化次数最少,“有效管理农场”在第 2 组中,DIOCFC 最高,收入增加的变化次数最多,“降低农场成本”属于第 3 组,规模最小,专注于削减成本,“混合策略农场”属于第 4 组,畜群规模最大。最流行的增加收入的策略包括尝试改善奶牛的营养平衡和牛奶成分,而最流行的降低成本的策略包括减少购买投入品(浓缩物和肥料)和选定的家庭开支。出售奶牛是在严重困难情况下产生现金的常见策略。总之,不同农场群体对经济困难的反应差异很大,降低成本的策略与较低的奶牛生产力和较低的技术水平有关,但增加收入的策略与较高的奶牛生产力和较高的 DIOCFC 有关。我们的研究结果可能有助于设计推广计划,以促进有用的战略,帮助减轻奶牛场的经济困难。
更新日期:2021-05-11
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