The density and salinity of High Salinity Shelf Water, a key component of Antarctic Bottom Water emanating from the Ross Sea, are intensified by brine rejection induced by ice formation within the Terra Nova Bay (TNB) polynya. Ocean mooring data from 2007, meteorological observations from automatic weather stations and a satellite-derived history of the opening of TNB polynya delineate variability in water column salinity linked to atmospheric forcing, with a period on the order of 10 days. Lagged correlation analysis indicates that on average salinity response lags the polynya opening by 2 days and the wind forcing by 5 days. We find stronger correlations of salinity with the wind during March through May and with the polynya open-water fraction during June through October, with decreasing lags in the latter period. A one-dimensional mixed-layer model incorporating thermodynamic ice formation captures the oscillations in salinity. A process study shows that the variability in the polynya open-water fraction governs the final salinity attained by the model as well as the salinity cycling. Variability in surface heat fluxes modulates that effect. Our work suggests that there is a more complex relationship between salinity, the polynya open-water fraction, and atmospheric forcing than previously suggested.

中文翻译：

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南极洲特拉诺瓦湾冰晶对大气强迫的盐度响应

高盐度大陆架水的密度和盐度是来自罗斯海的南极底水的关键组成部分，由于特拉诺瓦湾 (TNB) 冰间形成的冰层引起的盐水排斥而加剧。2007 年的海洋系泊数据、自动气象站的气象观测和卫星衍生的 TNB polynya 开放历史描绘了与大气强迫相关的水柱盐度变化，周期约为 10 天。滞后相关分析表明，平均盐度响应滞后于冰藻开放 2 天，风力强迫滞后 5 天。我们发现 3 月至 5 月期间盐度与风的相关性更强，6 月至 10 月期间盐度与风的相关性更强，后期滞后时间减少。结合热力学冰形成的一维混合层模型捕获了盐度的波动。一项过程研究表明，polynya 开放水域部分的可变性决定了模型获得的最终盐度以及盐度循环。表面热通量的变化调节了这种影响。我们的工作表明，盐度、冰间开放水域分数和大气强迫之间的关系比之前提出的更为复杂。