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Daurian pika (Ochotona dauurica) alarm calls: individual acoustic variation in a lagomorph with audible through ultrasonic vocalizations
Journal of Mammalogy ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-31 , DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyab048
Ilya A Volodin 1, 2 , Elena V Volodina 2 , Roland Frey 3 , Kseniya D Karaseva 1 , Vadim E Kirilyuk 4, 5
Affiliation  

Colonial lagomorphs warn conspecifics of potential danger with alarm calls encoding information about attributes of presumptive predators as well as the caller. In this study, we show that alarm calls of Daurian pikas, Ochotona dauurica (Pallas, 1776), encode information about caller identity. We recorded the alarm calls produced toward a surrogate predator (researcher), slowly moving (0.5–1 km/h) between densely distributed colonies. The alarm calls of most (32 of the 35) callers started in the ultrasonic range at 22.41 kHz on average and rapidly decreased to 3.88 kHz on average at call end. Call duration was very short (0.057 s on average). The accuracy of classifying alarm calls to correct callers with discriminant function analysis (DFA) was 93.71% for the manually measured set of 12 acoustic variables and 95.43% for the semiautomatically measured set of 12 acoustic variables; in both cases exceeding the level of chance (17.28% or 17.33%, respectively). Nonlinear vocal phenomena (biphonations) only were detected in one individual. We discuss the relationship between vocal traits, individuality, vocal production mechanisms, and functions, of pika alarm calls. We propose a potential divergence of alarm calls in Asian pikas to high-frequency whistles (> 20 kHz in Daurian pikas) and in American pikas to low-frequency emissions (0.4–1.3 kHz in Ochotona princeps) during the evolutionary radiation of pikas at the center of the origin of lagomorphs in East Asia and their subsequent geographic dispersal.

中文翻译:

Daurian pika (Ochotona dauurica) 警报呼叫:兔兔的个体声学变化,通过超声波发声可听到

殖民地兔形动物通过警报呼叫来警告潜在危险的同类,该警报呼叫编码有关假定捕食者以及呼叫者的属性的信息。在这项研究中,我们展示了 Daurian pikas、Ochotona dauurica (Pallas, 1776) 的警报呼叫编码有关呼叫者身份的信息。我们记录了向代理捕食者(研究人员)发出的警报声,在密集分布的菌落之间缓慢移动(0.5-1 公里/小时)。大多数(35 个呼叫者中的 32 个)呼叫者的警报呼叫从平均 22.41 kHz 的超声波范围开始,并在呼叫结束时迅速下降到平均 3.88 kHz。通话时间非常短(平均 0.057 秒)。对于手动测量的 12 个声学变量和 95 个声学变量集,使用判别函数分析 (DFA) 将警报呼叫分类为正确呼叫者的准确率为 93.71%。12 个声学变量的半自动测量组为 43%;在这两种情况下都超过了机会水平(分别为 17.28% 或 17.33%)。仅在一个人中检测到非线性声音现象(双发)。我们讨论了鼠兔警报呼叫的声音特征、个性、声音产生机制和功能之间的关系。我们提出,在鼠兔的进化辐射过程中,亚洲鼠兔的警报呼叫与高频口哨声(达乌尔鼠兔大于 20 kHz)和美洲鼠兔与低频辐射(Ochotonaprikas 为 0.4-1.3 kHz)的警报呼叫存在潜在差异。东亚兔形目起源中心及其随后的地理分布。仅在一个人中检测到非线性声音现象(双发)。我们讨论了鼠兔警报呼叫的声音特征、个性、声音产生机制和功能之间的关系。我们提出,在鼠兔的进化辐射过程中,亚洲鼠兔的警报呼叫与高频口哨声(达乌尔鼠兔大于 20 kHz)和美洲鼠兔与低频辐射(Ochotonaprikas 为 0.4-1.3 kHz)的警报呼叫存在潜在差异。东亚兔形目起源中心及其随后的地理分布。仅在一个人中检测到非线性声音现象(双发)。我们讨论了鼠兔警报呼叫的声音特征、个性、声音产生机制和功能之间的关系。我们提出,在鼠兔的进化辐射过程中,亚洲鼠兔的警报呼叫与高频口哨声(达乌尔鼠兔大于 20 kHz)和美洲鼠兔与低频辐射(Ochotonaprikas 为 0.4-1.3 kHz)的警报呼叫存在潜在差异。东亚兔形目起源中心及其随后的地理分布。
更新日期:2021-03-31
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