Recent studies identified specific gut microbial species linked to various human diseases, and gut-brain axis is currently attracting much attention in the field of microbiome science clinically and biologically. Research on multiple sclerosis (MS) and its mouse model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is one of the most active research subjects. Notably, recent achievements established the bidirectional causality between MS and gut microbiome. The reduction of gut microbiome-derived short chain fatty acids and the enrichment of gut-associated oxidative stress appear to be promoting for neurodegenerative processes. Also, researchers are trying to elucidate the mechanisms by which the microbiome regulates the onset and progression of MS. The new findings achieved by the analysis of the causal relationship between MS and the gut microbiome will provide a new therapeutic strategy for MS. These results will contribute to our understanding of the cause, prevention, and treatment of MS, and will lead to a complete cure for this disease in the future. In MS, for which no curative treatment has yet to be established, the unmet needs may be overcome through the analysis of gut microbiome.

最近的研究确定了与各种人类疾病相关的特定肠道微生物种类，肠-脑轴目前在临床和生物学微生物组科学领域引起了广泛关注。多发性硬化症（MS）及其小鼠模型的研究，实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎是最活跃的研究课题之一。值得注意的是，最近的成就确立了 MS 与肠道微生物组之间的双向因果关系。肠道微生物组衍生的短链脂肪酸的减少和肠道相关氧化应激的增加似乎促进了神经退行性过程。此外，研究人员正试图阐明微生物组调节 MS 发病和进展的机制。通过分析 MS 与肠道微生物组之间的因果关系所获得的新发现将为 MS 提供一种新的治疗策略。这些结果将有助于我们了解 MS 的病因、预防和治疗，并将在未来彻底治愈这种疾病。在尚未建立治愈性治疗方法的 MS 中，可以通过分析肠道微生物组来克服未满足的需求。