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Domestic humanitarianism: the Mission France of Médecins Sans Frontières and Médecins du Monde
Third World Quarterly ( IF 2.255 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-10 , DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2021.1916393
Tine Hanrieder 1, 2 , Claire Galesne 1
Affiliation  

Abstract

What are the boundaries of humanitarianism? This question is controversially debated among humanitarian practitioners and scholars, given ever-changing spaces and temporalities of human suffering. This paper explores an understudied site of this controversy: the domestic humanitarian engagement of Médecins Sans Frontières and Médecins du Monde, two NGOs widely regarded as epitomes of liberal international humanitarianism. Their Mission France started in the 1980s to support vulnerable populations in France through medical aid, socio-legal support, and political activism. It has provoked fierce internal opposition ever since, in the name of an inherited vision of humanitarianism as impartial emergency aid. Drawing on organisational documents, archival sources and key informant interviews, we analyse how these conflicts gave rise to an unstable settlement around the diagnostic function of Mission France: Leaders aimed to make the assistance function of Mission France secondary to the advocacy function of drawing attention to health inequity, thus avoiding any long-term substitution for state services. However, the political strategizing demanded by this approach clashed with local volunteer preferences for immediate aid and claims to political neutrality. This conflict about the hierarchy of humanitarian values in the NGOs’ home country sheds new light on the contentious politics of humanitarian witnessing and assistance.

Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2021.1916393 .



中文翻译:

国内人道主义:无国界医生组织和世界医生组织的法国使命

摘要

人道主义的界限是什么?鉴于人类苦难的空间和时间不断变化,这个问题在人道主义实践者和学者之间存在争议。本文探讨了这一争议的一个未被充分研究的地方:无国界医生组织和世界医生组织的国内人道主义参与,这两个非政府组织被广泛认为是自由国际人道主义的缩影。他们的法国使命始于 1980 年代,旨在通过医疗援助、社会法律支持和政治活动来支持法国的弱势群体。从那以后,它以人道主义作为公正的紧急援助的继承愿景的名义激起了激烈的内部反对。利用组织文件、档案来源和关键线人访谈,我们分析了这些冲突如何导致围绕法国代表团的诊断功能的不稳定解决方案:领导人旨在使法国代表团的援助功能次于提请注意卫生不公平的倡导功能,从而避免任何对国家的长期替代服务。然而,这种方法所要求的政治战略与当地志愿者对立即援助的偏好和政治中立的主张相冲突。这种关于非政府组织母国人道主义价值观等级的冲突为人道主义见证和援助的有争议的政治提供了新的视角。从而避免对国家服务的任何长期替代。然而,这种方法所要求的政治战略与当地志愿者对立即援助的偏好和政治中立的主张相冲突。这种关于非政府组织母国人道主义价值观等级的冲突为人道主义见证和援助的有争议的政治提供了新的视角。从而避免对国家服务的任何长期替代。然而,这种方法所要求的政治战略与当地志愿者对立即援助的偏好和政治中立的主张相冲突。这种关于非政府组织母国人道主义价值观等级的冲突为人道主义见证和援助的有争议的政治提供了新的视角。

本文的补充数据可在 https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2021.1916393 在线获得。

更新日期:2021-05-10
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