Monitoring and data acquisition are essential to recognize the renewable resources available on-site, evaluate electrical conversion efficiency, detect failures, and optimize electrical production. Commercial monitoring systems for the photovoltaic system are generally expensive and closed for modifications. This work proposes a low-cost real-time internet of things system for micro and mini photovoltaic generation systems that can monitor continuous voltage, continuous current, alternating power, and seven meteorological variables. The proposed system measures all relevant meteorological variables and directly acquires photovoltaic generation data from the plant (not from the inverter). The system is implemented using open software, connects to the internet without cables, stores data locally and in the cloud, and uses the network time protocol to synchronize the devices’ clocks. To the best of our knowledge, no work reported in the literature presents these features altogether. Furthermore, experiments carried out with the proposed system showed good effectiveness and reliability. This system enables fog and cloud computing in a photovoltaic system, creating a time series measurements data set, enabling the future use of machine learning to create smart photovoltaic systems.

中文翻译：

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用于智能电网应用的气候变量和光伏发电实时监控的低成本物联网系统

监视和数据采集对于识别现场可用的可再生资源，评估电力转换效率，检测故障并优化电力生产至关重要。用于光伏系统的商业监视系统通常是昂贵的并且为了修改而封闭。这项工作为微型和微型光伏发电系统提出了一种低成本的实时物联网系统，该系统可以监视连续电压，连续电流，交流电和七个气象变量。拟议的系统将测量所有相关的气象变量，并直接从工厂（而不是从逆变器）获取光伏发电数据。该系统使用开放软件实现，无需电缆即可连接到互联网，将数据存储在本地和云中，并使用网络时间协议来同步设备的时钟。据我们所知，文献中没有任何报道完全表现出这些特征。此外，使用所提出的系统进行的实验显示出良好的有效性和可靠性。该系统可以在光伏系统中进行雾和云计算，创建时间序列测量数据集，从而可以在将来使用机器学习来创建智能光伏系统。