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Nematodes Versus White Grubs: Long But Challenging Association
Annals of the Entomological Society of America ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-03 , DOI: 10.1093/aesa/saab016
Hana Haji Allahverdipour 1 , Javad Karimi 2
Affiliation  

Soil as a shared habitat of white grubs and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) is a double-edged sword from the biological control point of view. Soil encompasses a diverse array of EPNs that could be exploited in grub microbial control; on the other hand, soil promotes the natural resistance of grubs to EPNs via the battle between both sides within the soil matrix. White grubs and EPNs have been armed in this battle by a multifaceted range of mechanisms, namely grub structural and physiological barriers, antagonism of grub gut microbiota toward the nematode bacterial symbionts, EPN excreted/secreted proteins, surface coat proteins, ascaroside pheromones produced by EPNs, and evolution of EPN resistance to herbivore self-defense. From the evolutionary point of view, EPN–grub interactions, the most advanced (sophisticated) association among others, could have evolved from other types of associations. Entomophilic nematode (e.g., Pristionchus spp.), the cognate bacterium and scarab associations along with the formation of dauer juveniles, are proof of preadaptation to entomopathogeny in a continual evolution. Here, we delve into the salient features of each component of EPN-white grub–host plant tripartite interactions as well as hints to improved exploitation of EPNs for grub management. Also, evolutionary associations between nematodes and scarabs will be reviewed, in short.

中文翻译:

线虫与白蛴螬:长期但具有挑战性的协会

从生物防治的角度来看,土壤作为白蛴螬和昆虫病原线虫 (EPN) 的共同栖息地是一把双刃剑。土壤包含各种各样的 EPN,可用于控制蛴螬微生物;另一方面,土壤通过土壤基质内双方之间的斗争,促进了蛴螬对 EPNs 的自然抗性。在这场战斗中,白蛴螬和 EPNs 通过多方面的机制武装起来,即蛴螬结构和生理屏障、蛴螬肠道微生物群对线虫细菌共生体的拮抗作用、EPN 排泄/分泌蛋白、表面外壳蛋白、由 EPNs 产生的蛔苷信息素,以及 EPN 对草食动物自卫的抗性的演变。从进化的角度来看,EPN-grub 交互是最先进(复杂)的关联,可能是从其他类型的关联演变而来的。昆虫线虫(例如,Pristionchus spp.)、同源细菌和金龟子的关联以及dauer 幼虫的形成,是在持续进化中预先适应昆虫病原的证据。在这里,我们深入研究了 EPN-白蛴螬-寄主植物三方相互作用的每个组成部分的显着特征,以及改进利用 EPN 进行蛴螬管理的提示。此外,简而言之,还将回顾线虫和金龟子之间的进化关联。我们深入研究了 EPN-白蛴螬 - 寄主植物三方相互作用的每个组成部分的显着特征,以及改进利用 EPN 进行蛴螬管理的提示。此外,简而言之,还将回顾线虫和金龟子之间的进化关联。我们深入研究了 EPN-白蛴螬 - 寄主植物三方相互作用的每个组成部分的显着特征,以及改进利用 EPN 进行蛴螬管理的提示。此外,简而言之,还将回顾线虫和金龟子之间的进化关联。
更新日期:2021-04-03
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