Remarkable advances in nanomaterials and nanotechnology have led researchers in various fields. The scale effects imparted by nanomaterials are associated with unexpected macroscale phenomena and properties that find many applications. However, multi-functionalization may be accompanied by physical and commercial limitations. Therefore, research must proceed in several different directions. Here, we define multi-functionalization and the electrical applications thereof in terms of increasing performance, addition of new and valuable properties, and multi-physics in play. We deal with sensors, actuators, energy harvesters, and solar cells and explore research that seeks to increase sensitivity, append “stretchability”, and facilitate untethered communication. Furthermore, we analyze research trends in materials use and manufacturing, and highlight useful fabrication methods. With the aim of predicting future research trends, our review presents a roadmap that will aid research on sensing and multi-functional applications.

纳米材料和纳米技术的显着进步引领了各个领域的研究人员。纳米材料所产生的水垢效应与意想不到的宏观现象和特性相关联，这些现象和特性得到了许多应用。然而，多功能化可能伴随着物理和商业上的限制。因此，研究必须朝几个不同的方向进行。在这里，我们从提高性能，添加新的有价值的属性以及进行多物理场方面定义了多功能化及其电气应用。我们处理传感器，执行器，能量收集器和太阳能电池，并探索旨在提高灵敏度，附加“可拉伸性”并促进无限制通信的研究。此外，我们分析了材料使用和制造方面的研究趋势，并强调有用的制造方法。为了预测未来的研究趋势，我们的审查提出了一个路线图，该路线图将有助于传感和多功能应用程序的研究。