Worldwide, allergy affects more than one billion people, with particularly rising prevalence in industrialised areas. Specifically, young adults appear to be predominantly targeted for an allergy diagnosis. Allergic diseases in pregnancy are mainly pre-existing but could also occur de novo. The immunological changes while pregnant, with increased Th2 lymphocyte activity, can facilitate allergen sensitisation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of specific IgE (sIgE) sensitisation to common inhalant and food allergens in pregnancy, and assess its relationship to self-reported allergic disease. We assessed 200 pregnant women, aged 20–38 years (mean age = 29 years), participant of ELMA (Epigenetic Hallmark of Maternal Atopy and Diet) study, living in a metropolitan area, with no pregnancy associated metabolic complications, for total IgE and allergen specific IgE to 20 allergens. 48% of pregnant women were sensitised to at least one allergen, at a cut-off point of 0.35 kU/L and they were assigned as atopic. However 42% in atopic group were not reporting any allergic disease. The most common inhalant allergens were: pollen (24.5%) and animal dander (23.5%). The most common food allergens were: cow’s milk (5.5%) and apples (4.5%). 7.5% of women reported asthma, 21.5% allergic rhinitis, 11.5% atopic dermatitis and 18.5% food allergy. 8.5% of were taking medication for asthma or allergies. Atopic dermatitis had the highest tendency to become more severe during pregnancy. Total IgE values were significantly higher in atopic women. Allergic sensitisation is a common phenomenon in pregnancy. Some sensitisations could be asymptomatic. Further studies should investigate if sensitisation in mothers confers risks for immune alterations in their children.

中文翻译：

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居住在市区的孕妇的敏化模式和过敏结果

在世界范围内，过敏症影响了超过十亿人，尤其是在工业化地区，其患病率正在上升。具体而言，年轻人似乎是过敏诊断的主要对象。怀孕期间的过敏性疾病主要已经存在，但也可能从头发生。怀孕期间的免疫学改变具有增加的Th2淋巴细胞活性，可以促进变应原致敏。这项研究的目的是评估特定IgE（sIgE）对孕妇常见的吸入性和食物过敏原致敏的模式，并评估其与自我报告的过敏性疾病的关系。我们评估了200名年龄在20-38岁（平均年龄= 29岁）的孕妇，他们是居住在大都市地区，没有妊娠相关代谢并发症的ELMA（母体异位症和饮食的表观遗传标志）研究的参与者，总的IgE和20种过敏原的特异性IgE。48％的孕妇对至少一种过敏原敏感，临界点为0.35 kU / L，并将其定为特应性。但是，特应性组中有42％的人未报告任何过敏性疾病。最常见的吸入性过敏原为：花粉（24.5％）和动物皮屑（23.5％）。最常见的食物过敏原是：牛奶（5.5％）和苹果（4.5％）。7.5％的妇女报告了哮喘，21.5％的过敏性鼻炎，11.5％的特应性皮炎和18.5％的食物过敏。8.5％的人因哮喘或过敏而服用药物。特应性皮炎在怀孕期间变得更严重的趋势最高。特应性女性的总IgE值明显更高。变态反应致敏是怀孕中的常见现象。一些过敏反应可能是无症状的。