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Climate change and hydrological risk in the Pacific: a Humanitarian Engineering perspective
Journal of Water & Climate Change ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-01 , DOI: 10.2166/wcc.2021.277
Fiona Johnson 1 , Philippa Higgins 1 , Clare Stephens 1
Affiliation  

Pacific Island communities have adapted to floods, droughts and cyclones over many generations. Small and low-lying islands are particularly exposed to natural disasters, and many countries have limited access to water resources. Anthropogenic climate change is expected to further increase these environmental pressures. Any associated engineering response needs to consider the cultural, societal and historical context, and prioritise the agency of local communities to determine their preferred outcomes. It follows that Humanitarian Engineering, a discipline centred around strengths-based and context-appropriate solutions, has an important role to play in climate change adaptation. In this review, the interplay between hydroclimatology, geography and water security in the Pacific Islands is described and projected climate shifts summarised to highlight future adaptation challenges. A key source of uncertainty relates to the dynamics of two convergence zones that largely drive weather patterns. A broad overview of societal factors that present challenges and opportunities for Humanitarian Engineers is given. Finally, actions are recommended to inform climate change adaptation given the scientific uncertainty around hydrologic risks, and outline lessons for best practice Humanitarian Engineering in the Pacific. Enhancing data sharing, building resilience to climate variability and integrating traditional knowledge with convention engineering methods should be key areas of focus.



中文翻译:

太平洋地区的气候变化和水文风险:人道工程学的观点

太平洋岛屿社区已经适应了多代人的洪水,干旱和飓风。地势低洼的小岛特别容易遭受自然灾害的侵袭,许多国家获得水资源的机会有限。人为的气候变化预计将进一步增加这些环境压力。任何相关的工程响应都需要考虑文化,社会和历史背景,并优先考虑当地社区的机构,以确定他们的首选结果。随之而来的是,人道主义工程这一以基于优势和因地制宜的解决方案为中心的学科,在适应气候变化方面发挥着重要作用。在这篇评论中,水文气候学之间的相互作用 描述了太平洋群岛的地理和水安全状况,并概述了预计的气候变化,以突出未来的适应挑战。不确定性的主要来源与两个会聚区的动态有关,这两个主要影响天气的因素。给出了对人道主义工程师提出挑战和机遇的社会因素的广泛概述。最后,鉴于围绕水文风险的科学不确定性,建议采取行动为适应气候变化提供信息,并概述太平洋最佳人道工程的经验教训。加强数据共享,增强对气候变化的适应力以及将传统知识与公约工程方法相结合应成为重点关注的领域。不确定性的主要来源与两个会聚区的动态有关,这两个主要影响天气的因素。给出了对人道主义工程师提出挑战和机遇的社会因素的广泛概述。最后,鉴于围绕水文风险的科学不确定性,建议采取行动为适应气候变化提供信息,并概述太平洋最佳人道工程的经验教训。加强数据共享,增强对气候变化的适应力以及将传统知识与公约工程方法相结合应成为重点关注的领域。不确定性的主要来源与两个会聚区的动态有关,这两个主要影响天气的因素。给出了对人道主义工程师提出挑战和机遇的社会因素的广泛概述。最后,鉴于水文风险的科学不确定性,建议采取行动为适应气候变化提供信息,并概述太平洋最佳人道工程的经验教训。加强数据共享,增强对气候变化的适应力以及将传统知识与公约工程方法相结合应成为重点关注的领域。考虑到围绕水文风险的科学不确定性,建议采取行动为适应气候变化提供信息,并概述太平洋最佳人道工程的经验教训。加强数据共享,增强对气候变化的适应力以及将传统知识与公约工程方法相结合应成为重点关注的领域。考虑到围绕水文风险的科学不确定性,建议采取行动为适应气候变化提供信息,并概述太平洋最佳人道工程的经验教训。加强数据共享,增强对气候变化的适应力以及将传统知识与公约工程方法相结合应成为重点关注的领域。

更新日期:2021-05-10
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