Hallux valgus (HV), which is mainly caused by the wearing of narrow-width and high-heeled shoes, disrupts gait behavior because it deforms lower limb joints. There is limited information regarding the relationship between the foot disease HV and lower limb joints. Previous studies evaluating abnormal gait patterns caused by deformity used spatiotemporal parameters; however, they failed to characterize the overall gait dynamics. To address this issue, this study is aimed at characterizing the gait stability of patients with HV and examining the joints that are critically affected by HV. To assess complex gait dynamics, we quantified the potential changes in gait stability by using the maximum Lyapunov exponent (MLE). Angular displacements of the ankle, knee, and hip in the sagittal plane during walking were investigated to calculate the MLE for gait stability based on foot conditions (i.e., barefoot, flat shoes, and high heels). During walking, a large MLE () was noted for the knee joints of subjects with HV, relative to the other lower limb joints. HV appears to have the most critical effect on the knee joints during walking. Ankle movement exhibited higher dynamic stability than the other joint movements of the lower limb (). The type of shoe used in the experiment showed no significant dependence with gait stability and joint movement (). Quantitative assessments of dynamic stability using the MLE may help clinicians assess the overall gait dynamics of HV patients and other people suffering from gait disturbances.

中文翻译：

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量化拇趾外翻患者步态模式的动态稳定性

拇外翻（HV）主要由穿窄脚高跟鞋引起，它破坏了步态行为，因为它使下肢关节变形。关于脚病HV和下肢关节之间的关系的信息有限。先前的研究评估了由畸形引起的步态异常，使用时空参数。然而，他们无法描述整体步态动力学。为了解决这个问题，本研究旨在表征HV患者的步态稳定性，并检查受HV严重影响的关节。为了评估复杂的步态动力学，我们通过使用最大Lyapunov指数（MLE）量化了步态稳定性的潜在变化。脚踝，膝盖的角位移 研究了步行过程中矢状面的髋部和髋部，以根据脚部状况（即赤脚，平底鞋和高跟鞋）计算步态稳定性的MLE。行走过程中，大的MLE（相对于其他下肢关节而言，HV患者的膝关节被发现）。在步行过程中，HV对膝关节的影响似乎最为严重。踝关节运动比下肢其他关节运动具有更高的动态稳定性（）。实验中使用的鞋子类型与步态稳定性和关节运动没有显着相关性（）。使用MLE对动态稳定性进行定量评估可帮助临床医生评估HV患者和其他步态障碍患者的总体步态动态。