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A multiproxy approach to studying a large prehistoric enclosure in Ojców, Kraków Upland, Poland
Archaeological Prospection ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-09 , DOI: 10.1002/arp.1824
Michał Leloch 1 , Michał Jakubczak 2 , Marcin Przybyła 3 , Katarzyna Pyżewicz 1 , Marcin Szeliga 4 , Michał Wojenka 5 , Grzegorz Czajka 1 , Małgorzata Kot 1
Affiliation  

Due to the presence of multiple caves and rock shelters as well as flint outcrops, Ojców Upland is a region with an exceptionally high concentration of prehistoric human settlement traces. It has attracted archaeologists for over 150 years, leading to what was considered to have been a proper prospection of the area. Nonetheless, the analysis of airborne laser scanning has recently brought surprising results. In the very centre of the upland, on the densely forested hill ‘Złota Góra’ (Golden Hill), the remains of an exceptionally large defensive structure in the form of several rows of embankments were found. The use of magnetic methods made it possible to confirm their anthropogenic origin and the likely type of embankment construction. In turn, the layout of embankments combined with the results of a surface survey and the analyses of the acquired artefacts and the settlement context speak in favour of linking this defensive structure with a high degree of probability with the Neolithic or Eneolithic, most likely the Lengyel-Polgár cycle or Baden culture. The presence of such a large fortification in the immediate vicinity of flint mines could shed new light on the image of the Late Neolithic-Early/Middle Eneolithic period in this part of Europe.

中文翻译:

在波兰克拉科夫高地 Ojców 研究大型史前围场的多代理方法

由于存在多个洞穴和岩石避难所以及燧石露头,Ojców 高地是一个史前人类定居痕迹异常集中的地区。150 多年来,它一直吸引着考古学家,这被认为是对该地区的正确勘探。尽管如此,机载激光扫描的分析最近带来了令人惊讶的结果。在高地的正中心,在茂密的森林小山'Złota Góra'(金山)上,发现了几排堤防形式的异常大型防御结构的遗迹。使用磁性方法可以确认它们的人为起源和可能的路堤建设类型。反过来,路堤的布局结合地表调查的结果以及对获得的人工制品和定居环境的分析表明,这种防御性结构极有可能与新石器时代或新石器时代(很可能是 Lengyel-Polgár 循环)联系起来或巴登文化。在燧石矿附近建有如此大的防御工事,可以为欧洲这一地区新石器时代晚期-新石器时代早期/中期新石器时代的形象提供新的视角。
更新日期:2021-05-09
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