Heatwaves are characterized by an increase in temperature to extreme levels, which adversely distress the living organisms. India ranks second in terms of disaster mortality among the world countries, preponderantly by heatwave—influenced by regional climatology. In this study, the Excess Heat Factor (EHF) index is used to detect the heatwave using the ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset over various states of India during the summer period (April–June of 2017–2019). EHF categorizes heatwaves based on the severity, which is an intensity measure created by combining the measures of excess heat, long-term temperatures anomaly characteristics by each location’s unique climatology of heat by various thresholds. The heatwave events are analysed by combining the means of excess heat and heat stress, which has a strong aspect of EHF measurements. Concerning the intensity of future heatwaves, EHF index helps to analyse the frequency and intensity of heatwave episodes and alert those community most exposed to heat related illness. One of the indices is derived from a climatological background to analyse the severity of heatwave over the Indian states. The analysis over India using the EHF index reflected a substantial rate of increase in the intensity and the frequency of heatwaves in the successive years with an average EHF intensity (mean EHF for the analysis period) of ~ 41 °C², ~ 38 °C² and ~ 39 °C², especially over the north–western states, eastern coastal states and central and southern states, respectively. The results of this study serve as a drive in the risk and vulnerability planning and assessment.

热浪的特征是温度升高到极端水平，这会对活生物体造成不利影响。在世界各国的灾害死亡率方面，印度排名第二，主要受热浪的影响（受区域气候影响）。在这项研究中，利用夏季期间（2017年4月至6月，2019年6月至6月）在印度各州进行的ERA中期再分析数据集，利用多余的热因子（EHF）指数检测热浪。EHF根据严重性对热波进行分类，强度是通过将过热度，长期温度异常特征的度量与每个位置的独特热气候条件（通过各种阈值）相结合而创建的强度度量。通过结合多余热量和热应力的方式来分析热波事件，这是EHF测量的重要方面。关于未来热浪的强度，EHF指数有助于分析热浪发作的频率和强度，并提醒那些最容易接触热相关疾病的社区。指数之一来自气候背景，以分析印度各州热浪的严重性。使用EHF指数对印度进行的分析表明，连续几年中，热浪的强度和频率有了显着增加，平均EHF强度（分析期间的平均EHF）约为41°C²，〜38°C ²和〜39°C ²，特别是在西北州，东部沿海州以及中部和南部州。这项研究的结果可作为风险和脆弱性计划与评估的驱动力。