We use harmonized household panel data from Europe and the US and a three-state survival model to provide comparable measurements of education and gender inequalities in total, healthy, and unhealthy life expectancies at age 50. Common across countries, the education advantage in total life expectancy is larger for males but the education advantage in (fewer) unhealthy years is larger for females. Counterfactual decompositions show that these results arise because the education advantage in conditional survival rates is relatively more important for males, while the education advantage in better health transitions is relatively more important for females. Across countries, the US stands out with the largest education gradient in healthy life expectancy.

中文翻译：

---

欧洲和美国的预期寿命不平等

我们使用来自欧洲和美国的统一家庭面板数据和三州生存模型来提供可比较的教育和性别不平等的衡量指标，包括 50 岁时的总预期寿命、健康预期寿命和不健康预期寿命。男性的期望值更大，但女性在（较少）不健康年份的教育优势更大。反事实分解表明，这些结果的产生是因为条件存活率方面的教育优势对男性来说相对更重要，而在更好的健康转型方面的教育优势对女性来说相对更重要。在各个国家/地区，美国在健康预期寿命方面的教育梯度最大。