Water and mud inrush is one of the most important geohazards in underground engineering. The paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the current understanding of this type of geohazard. Emphasis is placed on recorded the geneses and evolution processes of water and mud inrush, as well as relevant prevention methods. In particular, the geneses of this inrush hazard are initially discussed, by providing hazard cases during the past several decades. This is followed by a review of the various forming processes and corresponding research methods (including theoretical, numerical, experimental methods) for water and mud inrush, which can be used to pave the ways for hazard prevention and future research. Subsequently, the paper provides a summary of relevant hazard prevention methods employed by academics and practitioners, followed by a short discussion on the achievements and limitations of each method. Throughout the presentation, the current overall gaps in understanding water and mud inrush hazards are identified in an attempt to stimulate further research in these promising directions by the research community.

水和泥浆涌入是地下工程中最重要的地质灾害之一。本文介绍了对此类地质灾害的最新了解。重点放在记录的水和泥石流的成因和演化过程，以及相关的预防方法上。特别是，通过提供过去几十年来的危害案例，初步讨论了这种涌入危害的成因。接下来是对水和泥浆涌入的各种形成过程和相应的研究方法（包括理论，数值，实验方法）的回顾，这些研究方法可用于为危害预防和未来研究铺平道路。随后，本文总结了学者和从业人员采用的相关危害预防方法，然后简短讨论每种方法的成就和局限性。在整个演示过程中，确定了目前在理解水和泥浆涌入危害方面的总体差距，以试图激发研究界朝着这些有希望的方向进行进一步的研究。