Agricultural management measures, including tillage, considerably alter the rhizosphere fungal community; however, traditional snapshot sampling fail to represent the rhizosphere fungal community patterns over time. Here, we conducted a continuous study of wheat rhizosphere fungal communities through long-term tillage experiments (consisting of conventional and conservation tillage) to clarify tillage and growth stage effects. Tillage practices always affected rhizosphere fungal communities (R² = 18%), and these effects significantly differed between plant growth stages. Drastic changes in plant phenotypes during the growing season may have driven the changes in rhizosphere fungal communities. Specifically, in the tillering stage (the early period of wheat growth), plant traits dynamics and the abundance of two crop-tillage sensitive modules were highly correlated. The conservation tillage abundant module was mainly composed of saprotrophs, whereas pathogens constituted the majority in modules enriched by conventional tillage. These results indicate that it is possible to influence the rhizosphere fungal community structure and function through agricultural management mediated by plant growth. Manipulation of tillage-sensitive OTUs and early rhizosphere fungal community modules can provide new opportunities for developing sustainable and highly productive agroecosystems.

农业管理措施，包括耕作，大大改变了根际真菌群落；然而，传统的快照采样不能随时间反映出根际真菌的群落模式。在这里，我们通过长期耕作实验（包括常规耕作和保护性耕作）对小麦根际真菌群落进行了连续研究，以阐明耕作和生育期的影响。耕作习惯总是影响根际真菌群落（R ²= 18％），并且这些影响在植物生长阶段之间显着不同。生长季节中植物表型的急剧变化可能推动了根际真菌群落的变化。具体而言，在分er期（小麦生长的早期），植物性状动态与两个作物耕作敏感模块的丰度高度相关。保护性耕作丰富的模块主要由腐生生物组成，而病原体在传统耕作丰富的模块中占多数。这些结果表明有可能通过植物生长介导的农业管理来影响根际真菌的群落结构和功能。