ABSTRACT

With the Green Revolution in Asia, the gap in agricultural yield with the developed world has been closed, while the gap in farm labour productivity has greatly widened. This reveals a deepening agrarian and environmental crisis in India. The industrial mode of production has led to the massive use of costly industrial inputs to increase yields and offset economies of scale that are almost impossible to achieve in this densely populated country. Such a development path is a trap for millions Indian micro-farmers and their natural capital. We then unveil the promises of a type of agroecology called ‘natural farming' that has developed in Andhra Pradesh, a State in South India. Andhra’s natural farming has pioneered the adoption of technical and organizational innovations that could lead to the first large-scale agroecological transition in the world. But in 2019, these local innovations were accused of following a regressive path and endangering the country’s food security. This attack reveals the current omnipotence of the industrial sociotechnical regime over science, as well as a conception of science and progress antithetical to agroecology.

摘要

随着亚洲绿色革命的兴起，农业产量与发达国家的差距已经缩小，而农业劳动生产率的差距则大大拉大。这揭示了印度日益严重的农业和环境危机。工业生产模式导致大量使用昂贵的工业投入来提高产量并抵消在这个人口稠密的国家几乎不可能实现的规模经济。这样的发展道路是数百万印度小农及其自然资本的陷阱。然后，我们揭开了在印度南部安得拉邦发展起来的一种称为“自然农业”的农业生态学的前景。安得拉的自然农业率先采用了可能导致世界上第一次大规模农业生态转型的技术和组织创新。但在 2019 年，这些地方创新被指责走上了倒退的道路，危及该国的粮食安全。这次攻击揭示了当前工业社会技术制度对科学的无所不能，以及与农业生态学对立的科学和进步概念。