Drought is one of the least understood and complex natural hazards often characterized by a significant decrease in water availability for a prolonged period. It can be manifested in one or more forms as meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and/or socio-economic drought. The overarching objective of this study is to demonstrate and characterize the different forms of droughts and to assess the multidimensional nature of drought in the Abbay/ Upper Blue Nile River (UBN) basin and its national and regional scale implications. In this study, multiple drought indices derived from in situ and earth observation-based hydro-climatic variables were used. The meteorological drought was characterized using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) computed from the earth observation-based gridded CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station) rainfall data. Agricultural and hydrological droughts were characterized by using the Soil Moisture Deficit Index (SMDI) and Standardized Runoff-discharge Index (SRI), respectively. The monthly time series of SMDI was derived from model-based gridded soil moisture and SRI from observed streamflow data from 1982 to 2019. The preliminary result illustrates the good performance of the drought indices in capturing the historic severe drought events (e.g., 1984 and 2002) and the spatial extents across the basin. The results further indicated that all forms of droughts (i.e., meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological) occurred concurrently in Abbay/Upper Blue Nile basin with a Pearson correlation coefficient ranges from 0.5 to 0.85 both Kiremt and annual aggregate periods. The concurrent nature of drought is leading to a multi-dimensional socio-economic crisis as indicated by rainfall, and soil moisture deficits, and drying of small streams. Multi-dimensional drought mitigation necessitates regional cooperation and watershed management to protect both the common water sources of the Abbay/Upper Blue Nile basin and the socio-economic activities of the society in the basin. This study also underlines the need for multi-scale drought monitoring and management practices in the basin.

中文翻译：

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阿贝/青尼罗河上游流域的多维干旱评估：共享管理的重要性和减灾的区域协调努力

干旱是鲜为人知的，最复杂的自然灾害之一，其特征通常是长期大量减少水的供应。它可以以一种或多种形式表现为气象，农业，水文和/或社会经济干旱。这项研究的总体目标是证明和表征干旱的不同形式，并评估阿贝/蓝尼罗河上游（UBN）流域的干旱的多维性质及其对国家和地区的影响。在这项研究中，使用了从基于实地和地球观测的水文气候变量得出的多个干旱指数。气象干旱的特征在于使用标准降水指数（SPI），该指数是通过基于地球观测的网格CHIRPS（带站的气候灾害群红外降水）降雨量数据计算得出的。农业和水文干旱的特征分别是利用土壤水分亏off指数（SMDI）和标准径流排放指数（SRI）。SMDI的每月时间序列来自基于模型的网格土壤水分和SRI，来自1982年至2019年的观测流量数据。初步结果表明，干旱指数在捕获历史性严重干旱事件（例如1984年和2002年）方面表现良好）和整个盆地的空间范围。结果还表明，所有形式的干旱（例如，气象，农业，和水文）同时发生在阿贝/蓝尼罗河上游盆地，皮尔森相关系数在基雷姆特和年度总时期均在0.5至0.85之间。干旱的同时发生正在导致多方面的社会经济危机，如降雨，土壤水分不足和小溪的干燥所表明的那样。多维干旱缓解需要区域合作和分水岭管理，以保护阿贝湾/青尼罗河上游流域的常见水源以及流域内社会的社会经济活动。这项研究还强调了流域多尺度干旱监测和管理实践的必要性。干旱的同时发生正在导致多方面的社会经济危机，如降雨，土壤水分不足和小溪的干燥所表明的那样。多维干旱缓解需要区域合作和分水岭管理，以保护阿贝湾/青尼罗河上游流域的常见水源以及流域内社会的社会经济活动。这项研究还强调了流域多尺度干旱监测和管理实践的必要性。干旱的同时发生正在导致多方面的社会经济危机，如降雨，土壤水分不足和小溪的干燥所表明的那样。多维干旱缓解需要区域合作和分水岭管理，以保护阿贝湾/青尼罗河上游流域的共同水源以及流域内社会的社会经济活动。这项研究还强调了流域多尺度干旱监测和管理实践的必要性。多维干旱缓解需要区域合作和分水岭管理，以保护阿贝湾/青尼罗河上游流域的常见水源以及流域内社会的社会经济活动。这项研究还强调了流域多尺度干旱监测和管理实践的必要性。多维干旱缓解需要区域合作和分水岭管理，以保护阿贝湾/青尼罗河上游流域的常见水源以及流域内社会的社会经济活动。这项研究还强调了流域多尺度干旱监测和管理实践的必要性。