Using isotopic and hydrochemical tools, we focused our study on water and element fluxes with snowmelt in two headwater catchments with different forest stands. One catchment is with mature, and the other catchment is with forest regenerating after a tree dieback. Sampling and analysis of the surface water and precipitation throughout one hydrological year, and of snowpack in snow season, enabled us to estimate the isotopic balance and chemical snowpack evolution, but also the snowmelt contribution to inlets and outlets of lakes. Stable isotope values varied from snowpack formation to snowmelt with δ²H amplitudes of -25‰ in the mature and -17‰ in the regenerating forest catchments over the duration of the snowpack persistence. The mature forest had one month longer duration of snow cover and higher concentration of solutes in the throughfall and snowpack. In both catchments, heavier isotopes of the water molecule (¹⁸O and ²H) preferentially left the snowpack, which stored considerable amount of rainwater and snowmelt. This resulted in heavy isotopes depletion in the end of the spring snowmelt. Ions were also eluted from the snowpack during rain events and partial snow melting throughout the winter, causing fluxes of diluted water at the end of the snowmelt. Our results demonstrate the hydrological and hydrochemical variability of the snowpack, which in the future may even increase with rising temperatures and changes of precipitation patterns.

使用同位素和水化学工具，我们将研究重点放在两个林地不同的源头集水区的融雪中水和元素通量。一个集水区成熟，而另一个集水区则是树木枯死后森林再生。对整个一年的水文年的地表水和降水以及在雪季的积雪进行采样和分析，使我们能够估算同位素平衡和化学积雪的演变，还可以估算融雪对湖泊出入口的贡献。从积雪形成变化稳定同位素值与到融雪δ ²在积雪持久性期间，成熟林流域的H振幅为-25‰，再生林流域的H振幅为-17‰。成熟的森林的积雪持续时间延长了一个月，穿透物和积雪中的溶质浓度更高。在两个流域中，水分子的同位素更重（¹⁸ O和²H）优先离开积雪，积雪中储存了大量的雨水和融雪。这导致春季融雪结束时同位素的大量消耗。在下雨时，雪中的离子也会被冲出积雪，整个冬季部分融雪，在融雪结束时会导致稀释的水通量。我们的结果证明了积雪的水文和水化学变异性，将来可能会随着温度的升高和降水模式的变化而增加。