Tissue-resident macrophages (M_TR) have recently emerged as a key rheostat capable of regulating the balance between organ health and disease. In most organs, ontogenetically and functionally distinct macrophage subsets fulfill a plethora of functions specific to their tissue environment. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the ontogeny and functions of macrophage populations in different mammalian tissues, describing how these cells regulate tissue homeostasis and how they can contribute to inflammation. Furthermore, we highlight new developments concerning certain general principles of tissue macrophage biology, including the importance of metabolism for understanding macrophage activation states and the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on macrophage metabolic control. We also shed light on certain open questions in the field and how answering these might pave the way for tissue-specific therapeutic approaches.

组织驻留巨噬细胞（M _TR）最近已成为能够调节器官健康与疾病之间平衡的关键变阻器。在大多数器官中，在个体发育上和功能上均不同的巨噬细胞亚群履行着特定于其组织环境的多种功能。在这篇综述中，我们总结了有关不同哺乳动物组织中巨噬细胞种群的个体发育和功能的最新发现，描述了这些细胞如何调节组织稳态以及它们如何促进炎症。此外，我们重点介绍了有关组织巨噬细胞生物学某些一般原理的新进展，包括新陈代谢对于理解巨噬细胞激活状态的重要性以及内在和外在因素对巨噬细胞代谢控制的影响。