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The impact of the Fungus-Host-Microbiota interplay upon Candida albicans infections: current knowledge and new perspectives.
FEMS Microbiology Reviews ( IF 11.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-05 , DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa060
Christophe d'Enfert 1 , Ann-Kristin Kaune 2 , Leovigildo-Rey Alaban 3, 4 , Sayoni Chakraborty 5, 6 , Nathaniel Cole 7 , Margot Delavy 1, 4 , Daria Kosmala 1, 4 , Benoît Marsaux 8, 9 , Ricardo Fróis-Martins 10, 11 , Moran Morelli 12 , Diletta Rosati 13 , Marisa Valentine 5 , Zixuan Xie 14 , Yoan Emritloll 1 , Peter A Warn 15 , Frédéric Bequet 3 , Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux 1 , Stephanie Bornes 16 , Mark S Gresnigt 5 , Bernhard Hube 5 , Ilse D Jacobsen 5 , Mélanie Legrand 1 , Salomé Leibundgut-Landmann 10, 11 , Chaysavanh Manichanh 14 , Carol A Munro 2 , Mihai G Netea 13 , Karla Queiroz 12 , Karine Roget 17 , Vincent Thomas 3 , Claudia Thoral 17 , Pieter Van den Abbeele 8 , Alan W Walker 7 , Alistair J P Brown 18
Affiliation  

Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen of humans. It exists as a commensal in the oral cavity, gut or genital tract of most individuals, constrained by the local microbiota, epithelial barriers and immune defences. Their perturbation can lead to fungal outgrowth and the development of mucosal infections such as oropharyngeal or vulvovaginal candidiasis, and patients with compromised immunity are susceptible to life-threatening systemic infections. The importance of the interplay between fungus, host and microbiota in driving the transition from C. albicans commensalism to pathogenicity is widely appreciated. However, the complexity of these interactions, and the significant impact of fungal, host and microbiota variability upon disease severity and outcome, are less well understood. Therefore, we summarise the features of the fungus that promote infection, and how genetic variation between clinical isolates influences pathogenicity. We discuss antifungal immunity, how this differs between mucosae, and how individual variation influences a person's susceptibility to infection. Also, we describe factors that influence the composition of gut, oral and vaginal microbiotas, and how these affect fungal colonisation and antifungal immunity. We argue that a detailed understanding of these variables, which underlie fungal-host-microbiota interactions, will present opportunities for directed antifungal therapies that benefit vulnerable patients.

中文翻译:

真菌-宿主-微生物群落相互作用对白色念珠菌感染的影响:当前知识和新观点。

白色念珠菌是人类的主要真菌病原体。它以一种共生的形式存在于大多数人的口腔,肠道或生殖道中,并受到局部微生物群,上皮屏障和免疫防御的限制。它们的扰动会导致真菌的生长和粘膜感染的发展,例如口咽或念珠菌性念珠菌病,免疫力低下的患者易患危及生命的全身感染。人们普遍认识到真菌,宿主和微生物群之间相互作用在驱动白色念珠菌共生性向致病性转变中的重要性。然而,人们对这些相互作用的复杂性以及真菌,宿主和微生物群变异性对疾病严重程度和结果的重大影响知之甚少。所以,我们总结了促进感染的真菌的特征,以及临床分离株之间的遗传变异如何影响致病性。我们讨论了抗真菌免疫力,粘膜免疫力之间的差异以及个体变异如何影响人的感染易感性。此外,我们描述了影响肠道,口腔和阴道微生物群组成的因素,以及这些因素如何影响真菌定植和抗真菌免疫力。我们认为,对这些变量的详细了解是真菌-宿主-微生物群落相互作用的基础,这将为有益于脆弱患者的定向抗真菌治疗提供机会。以及个体差异如何影响一个人对感染的易感性。此外,我们描述了影响肠道,口腔和阴道微生物群组成的因素,以及这些因素如何影响真菌定植和抗真菌免疫力。我们认为,对这些变量的详细了解是真菌-宿主-微生物群落相互作用的基础,这将为有益于脆弱患者的定向抗真菌治疗提供机会。以及个体差异如何影响一个人对感染的易感性。此外,我们描述了影响肠道,口腔和阴道微生物群组成的因素,以及这些因素如何影响真菌定植和抗真菌免疫力。我们认为,对这些变量的详细了解是真菌-宿主-微生物群落相互作用的基础,这将为有益于脆弱患者的定向抗真菌治疗提供机会。
更新日期:2021-05-05
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