This article tests the conjecture that memory retrieval is attention turned inward by developing an episodic flanker task that is analogous to the well-known perceptual flanker task and by developing models of the spotlight of attention focused on a memory list. Participants were presented with a list to remember (ABCDEF) followed by a probe in which one letter was cued (# # C # # #). The task was to indicate whether the cued letter matched the letter in the cued position in the memory list. The data showed classic results from the perceptual flanker task. Response time and accuracy were affected by the distance between the cued letter in the probe and the memory list (# # D # # # was worse than # # E # # #) and by the compatibility of the uncued letters in the probe and the memory list (ABCDEF was better than STCRVX). There were six experiments. The first four established distance and compatibility effects. The fifth generalized the results to sequential presentation of memory lists, and the sixth tested the boundary conditions of distance and flanker effects with an item recognition task. The data were fitted with three families of models that apply space-based, object-based, and template-based theories of attention to the problem of focusing attention on the cued item in memory. The models accounted for the distance and compatibility effects, providing measures of the sharpness of the focus of attention on memory and the ability to ignore distraction from uncued items. Together, the data and theory support the conjecture that memory retrieval is attention turned inward and motivate further research on the topic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

---

情节发作的侧翼效应：当注意力向内转移时，记忆恢复。

本文通过开发类似于众所周知的感知侧翼任务的情节侧翼任务，以及通过开发关注于记忆列表的注意力聚焦模型，来测试这样的猜想，即记忆检索是注意力向内转移的。向参与者显示了要记住的列表（ABCDEF），然后进行了探查，在探查中提示了一个字母（＃＃C＃＃＃）。任务是指示提示字母是否与内存列表中提示位置的字母匹配。数据显示了来自感知侧翼任务的经典结果。响应时间和准确性受探针中提示字母与内存列表之间的距离（＃＃D＃＃＃比## E＃＃＃差）以及探针中未提示字母与内存的兼容性的影响。内存列表（ABCDEF优于STCRVX）。有六个实验。前四个建立了距离和兼容性效果。第五部分将结果推广到顺序显示存储列表，第六部分使用项目识别任务测试了距离和侧翼效应的边界条件。数据配有三个模型系列，这些模型将基于注意力的问题基于空间，基于对象和基于模板的理论应用于关注内存中提示的问题。这些模型考虑了距离和兼容性的影响，提供了对注意力集中在内存上的敏锐度以及忽略未提示项干扰的能力的度量。总之，数据和理论支持这样一种推测，即记忆检索是由内而外引起的，并激发了对该主题的进一步研究。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。