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The Cortical Motor Areas and the Emergence of Motor Skills: A Neuroanatomical Perspective
Annual Review of Neuroscience ( IF 13.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-08 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-070918-050216
Peter L Strick 1 , Richard P Dum 1 , Jean-Alban Rathelot 2
Affiliation  

What changes in neural architecture account for the emergence and expansion of dexterity in primates? Dexterity, or skill in performing motor tasks, depends on the ability to generate highly fractionated patterns of muscle activity. It also involves the spatiotemporal coordination of activity in proximal and distal muscles across multiple joints. Many motor skills require the generation of complex movement sequences that are only acquired and refined through extensive practice. Improvements in dexterity have enabled primates to manufacture and use tools and humans to engage in skilled motor behaviors such as typing, dance, musical performance, and sports. Our analysis leads to the following synthesis: The neural substrate that endows primates with their enhanced motor capabilities is due, in part, to (a) major organizational changes in the primary motor cortex and (b) the proliferation of output pathways from other areas of the cerebral cortex, especially from the motor areas on the medial wall of the hemisphere.

中文翻译:


皮层运动区域和运动技能的出现:神经解剖学观点

神经结构的哪些变化导致灵长类动物灵巧性的出现和扩展?执行运动任务的灵巧性或技能取决于产生高度分散的肌肉活动模式的能力。它还涉及跨多个关节的近端和远端肌肉活动的时空协调。许多运动技能需要生成复杂的运动序列,这些序列只有通过广泛的练习才能获得和完善。灵巧性的提高使灵长类动物能够制造和使用工具,而人类则能够从事熟练的运动行为,例如打字、舞蹈、音乐表演和运动。我们的分析导致以下综合:赋予灵长类动物增强运动能力的神经基质部分归因于(a) 初级运动皮层的主要组织变化和 ( b ) 来自大脑皮层其他区域的输出通路的增殖,特别是来自半球内壁运动区域的输出通路。

更新日期:2021-07-09
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