Objective This study investigated adolescents' appraisals of responses to problematic situations and their relations to behavioral intentions for aggressive and nonviolent behavior. A key question was whether ratings of effective and ineffective nonviolent responses and aggressive responses reflect distinct constructs or opposite ends of a single dimension. Method A sample of 183 students at three middle schools in an urban public school system serving a mostly African American population completed measures of aggression, and rated responses to hypothetical situations on five dimensions: behavioral intention, effectiveness, descriptive norms, and anticipated reactions from friends and parents. Responses included nonviolent responses and aggressive responses to problematic situations identified in previous qualitative studies. Nonviolent responses were categorized as effective or ineffective based on ratings by a community sample of youth and adults. Results Confirmatory factor analyses supported separate factors representing ratings of effective responses and aggressive responses for each domain. Regression analyses indicated that ratings of aggressive responses were more strongly related to aggressive intentions, and ratings of effective responses were more strongly related to intentions to use effective responses. Adolescents who varied in their level of aggression differed in their ratings of aggressive and nonviolent responses. Those reporting higher levels of aggression showed less differentiation between effective and ineffective nonviolent responses compared with those reporting lower levels. Conclusions These findings underscore the need for further efforts to identify factors that promote effective nonviolent behavior versus those that support aggression. They have important implications for the development of violence prevention programs.

中文翻译：

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青少年对问题情况的反应及其与攻击和非暴力行为的关系的评估。

目的本研究调查青少年对问题情况的反应评估，以及他们与攻击性行为和非暴力行为的行为意图之间的关系。一个关键的问题是，有效和无效的非暴力反应和攻击性反应的等级是否反映出一个单一维度的截然不同的构架或相反的目的。方法在城市公立学校系统中，服务于非裔美国人的三所中学的183名学生的样本完成了侵略措施，并从五个方面对假设情景的反应进行了评分：行为意图，有效性，描述性规范以及朋友的预期反应和父母。应对措施包括对先前定性研究中确定的问题情况的非暴力应对措施和积极应对措施。根据青少年和成人社区样本的评级，将非暴力回应分为有效还是无效。结果验证性因子分析支持单独的因子，分别表示每个域的有效响应和积极响应的等级。回归分析表明，积极反应的等级与积极意图的相关性更高，而有效反应的等级与使用有效响应的意图的关联性更大。青少年的攻击水平各异，他们对攻击性和非暴力性反应的评价也有所不同。与那些报导较低水平的人相比，那些报导较高侵略水平的人在有效和无效非暴力反应之间的区别较小。结论这些发现强调需要进一步努力，以找出促进有效的非暴力行为的因素与支持侵略的因素。它们对制定预防暴力计划具有重要意义。