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Alteration of Termite Locomotion and Allogrooming in Response to Infection by Pathogenic Fungi
Journal of Economic Entomology ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-25 , DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab071
Ali Hassan, Qiuying Huang, Nasir Mehmood, Huan Xu, Wei Zhou, Yongyong Gao

Termites, being vulnerable to parasitic or pathogenic infections due to large number of individuals living together in colonies, have evolved various behavioral and physiological tactics to resist the infections by those pathogens. Locomotion can help termites collect information on parasites and accordingly exhibit hygienic behaviors. Termites inevitably encounter entomopathogenic fungi during nesting and foraging. However, how these fungal pathogens influence locomotion of termites and how hygienic behavior benefits their survival remains unknown. Here, we examined locomotion alteration of the termite Reticulitermes chinensis (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) after infections with different concentrations of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae). When R. chinensis was isolated, the low concentration (5 × 103 conidia/ml) significantly increased termite locomotion after 6, 12, and 24 h compared with control. However, the high concentrations (5 × 107, 5 × 109 conidia/ml) significantly decreased termite locomotion after 48 h, and termite survival was also significantly lower at 5 × 107 and 5 × 109 conidia/ml compared with the low concentrations and the control. When R. chinensis was in group, however, the locomotion significantly increased 24 h after exposure to 5 × 103 and 5 × 109 conidia/ml but was normalized after 48 h of exposure compared with the control. Allogrooming was significantly higher at 5 × 103 and 5 × 109 conidia/ml compared with the control. The fungal infection did not result in significantly higher mortality of the group termites probably owing to their allogrooming. These findings enhance our understanding on how a termite species copes with biotic stress (i.e., fungal infections) via adaptive behaviors.

中文翻译:

白蚁运动和同理毛发对病原真菌感染的反应

由于大量个体生活在群体中,白蚁容易受到寄生虫或病原体感染,它们已经进化出各种行为和生理策略来抵抗这些病原体的感染。运动可以帮助白蚁收集有关寄生虫的信息,从而表现出卫生行为。白蚁在筑巢和觅食过程中不可避免地会遇到昆虫病原真菌。然而,这些真菌病原体如何影响白蚁的运动以及卫生行为如何有益于它们的生存仍然未知。在这里,我们检查了白蚁 Reticulitermes chinensis (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) 在感染不同浓度的昆虫病原真菌绿僵菌 (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) 后的运动变化。当 R. chinensis 被分离出来时,与对照相比,低浓度(5 × 103 分生孢子/ml)在 6、12 和 24 小时后显着增加了白蚁的运动。然而,高浓度(5×107、5×109 分生孢子/ml)在 48 小时后显着降低了白蚁的运动,与低浓度和控制。然而,当 R. chinensis 在组中时,运动在暴露于 5 × 103 和 5 × 109 分生孢子/ml 后 24 小时显着增加,但与对照组相比,在暴露 48 小时后正常化。与对照相比,同种异毛在 5 × 103 和 5 × 109 分生孢子/ml 时显着更高。真菌感染并没有导致白蚁群的死亡率显着升高,这可能是由于它们的同种异毛。
更新日期:2021-03-25
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