This article explores race differences in the desire to avoid pregnancy or become pregnant using survey data from a random sample of 914 young women (ages 18-22) living in a Michigan county and semi-structured interviews with a subsample of 60 of the women. In the survey data, desire for pregnancy, indifference, and ambivalence are very rare but are more prevalent among Black women than White women. In the semi-structured interviews, although few women described fatalistic beliefs or lack of planning for future pregnancies, Black and White women did so equally often. Women more often described fatalistic beliefs and lack of planning when retrospectively describing their past than when prospectively describing their future. Using the survey data to compare prospective desires for a future pregnancy with women's recollections of those desires after they conceived, more Black women shifted positive than shifted negative, and Black women were more likely to shift positive than White women-that is, Black women do not differentially retrospectively overreport prospectively desired pregnancies as having been undesired before conception. Young women's consistent (over repeated interviews) prospective expression of strong desire to avoid pregnancy and correspondingly weak desire for pregnancy, along with the similarity of Black and White women's pregnancy plans, lead us to conclude that a "planning paradigm"-in which young women are encouraged and supported in implementing their pregnancy desires-is probably appropriate for the vast majority of young women and, most importantly, is similarly appropriate for Black and White young women.

中文翻译：

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过渡到成年期间怀孕欲望的黑白差异。

本文使用来自密歇根县的 914 名年轻女性（18-22 岁）的随机样本调查数据和对 60 名女性子样本的半结构化访谈，探讨了避免怀孕或怀孕愿望的种族差异。在调查数据中，对怀孕的渴望、冷漠和矛盾心理非常罕见，但在黑人女性中比白人女性更为普遍。在半结构化访谈中，尽管很少有女性描述宿命论的信念或缺乏对未来怀孕的计划，但黑人和白人女性同样经常这样做。与前瞻性描述未来相比，女性在回顾过去时更常描述宿命论和缺乏计划。使用调查数据比较女性对未来怀孕的预期愿望 在怀孕后对这些欲望的回忆中，更多的黑人女性转变为积极的而不是转变为消极的，黑人女性比白人女性更有可能转变为积极的——也就是说，黑人女性不会有差异地回顾性地高估预期期望的怀孕在受孕前是不受欢迎的. 年轻女性对避免怀孕的强烈愿望和相应较弱的怀孕愿望的一致（反复采访）前瞻性表达，以及黑人和白人女性怀孕计划的相似性，使我们得出结论，一种“计划范式”——其中年轻女性在实现她们的怀孕愿望时受到鼓励和支持——这可能适用于绝大多数年轻女性，最重要的是，同样适用于黑人和白人年轻女性。