Retirement has been associated with cognitive decline. However, the influence of specific job characteristics like occupational complexity on post-retirement cognitive outcomes is not well understood. Data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study were used to examine occupational complexity in relation to cognitive performance and cognitive change after retirement. Initial sample included 471 workers between 45 and 75 years of age. At 9-year follow-up (T2), 149 were retired and 322 were still working. All six tasks from the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BTACT) were used. Hierarchical regression with workers at T1 indicated that, controlling for sociodemographic variables, complexity of work with people significantly contributed to explaining variance in overall cognitive performance (1.7%) and executive function (2%). In Latent Change Score (LCS) models, complexity of work with people was the only significant predictor of cognitive change in retirees, with those retiring from high-complexity jobs showing less decline. In conclusion, high complexity of work with people is related to better executive functioning and overall cognition during working life and slower decline after retirement. The finding that more intellectually stimulating work carries cognitive advantage into retirement fits the cognitive reserve concept, where earlier intellectual stimulation brings about lower risks of cognitive problems later. Study results also go along with the unengaged lifestyle hypothesis, whereby people may slip into so-called "mental retirement," leading to post-retirement cognitive loss, which may be most apparent among those retiring from jobs with low complexity of work with people. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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与人打交道的复杂性：与认知功能的关联以及退休后的变化。

退休与认知能力下降有关。但是，人们对诸如职业复杂性之类的特定工作特征对退休后认知结果的影响还知之甚少。美国中年（MIDUS）研究的数据用于检查与退休后认知表现和认知变化相关的职业复杂性。最初的样本包括471名年龄在45至75岁之间的工人。在9年的随访（T2）中，有149名退休，而322名仍在工作。使用了成人电话简短认知测试（BTACT）中的所有六个任务。在T1时，与工人的分层回归表明，控制社会人口统计学变量，与人打交道的复杂性显着有助于解释总体认知表现（1.7％）和执行功能（2％）的差异。在潜在变化得分（LCS）模型中，与人一起工作的复杂性是退休人员认知变化的唯一重要预测指标，而从高复杂性工作中退休的人的下降幅度较小。总之，与人打交道的高度复杂性与工作生活中更好的执行官职能和整体认知以及退休后的衰落较慢有关。发现更多的智力刺激工作将认知优势带入退休生活，这一发现与认知储备概念相吻合，早期的智力刺激带来了较低的认知问题风险。研究结果还与未参与的生活方式假说相伴，人们可能会陷入所谓的“精神退休”，从而导致退休后认知能力下降，在那些与人一起工作的复杂性较低的工作中退休的人中，这一点可能最为明显。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。