Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a larval parasitoid that has been mass-reared for augmentative biological control against the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii and other regions. To improve performance of female wasps in biological control programs, we conducted a series of experiments to investigate male wasp reproductive performance and its role in female reproductive success. The results showed that D. tryoni males remained close to the emergence (release) site following release. Males emerged earlier than females and male’s capacity to inseminate females reached the highest level (inseminated 9.2 ± 0.4 females/day) on the second day after eclosion in synchronization with female emergence peak; allowing males encountering most receptive females to enhance their mating success. Mating rates under normal rearing conditions (200 pairs per cage) reached optimum 100% insemination after 5 d. However, oviposition experience prior to mating impaired female’s receptivity as a percentage of inseminated females reduced to 17.5 ± 4.8%, while 70.0 ± 4.1% females without prior oviposition experience accepted mating. Mating reduced male’s survivorship and the potential lifetime fecundity of females, although multiple mating increased percentage of female offspring. Overall, influence of male density on the female oviposition rate and offspring sex ratio was not detected under captive rearing conditions. These results suggest that local and early mating is important for male’s reproductive success and females must be allowed to mate before they are exposed to hosts or released in the field to achieve their full reproductive potential.

中文翻译：

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雄性对幼虫 Tephritid Parasitoid Diachasmimorpha tryoni（膜翅目： Braconidae）雌性生殖性能的影响

Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) 是一种寄生蜂幼虫，已在夏威夷和其他地区大规模饲养，用于对地中海果蝇、Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (双翅目：Tephritidae) 进行增强生物防治。为了提高雌性黄蜂在生物控制计划中的表现，我们进行了一系列实验来研究雄性黄蜂的繁殖性能及其在雌性繁殖成功中的作用。结果表明，D. tryoni 雄性在释放后仍然靠近出现（释放）部位。雄性出苗早于雌性，雄性受精能力在羽化后的第二天达到最高水平（受精9.2±0.4只雌性/天），与雌性出苗高峰同步；让雄性遇到最容易接受的雌性，以提高他们的交配成功率。正常饲养条件下的交配率（每笼 200 对）在 5 天后达到最佳的 100% 授精率。然而，交配前的产卵经验损害了雌性的接受能力，占受精雌性的百分比降低到 17.5 ± 4.8%，而没有先前产卵经验的雌性有 70.0 ± 4.1% 接受了交配。尽管多次交配增加了雌性后代的百分比，但交配降低了雄性的存活率和雌性潜在的终生繁殖力。总体而言，在圈养条件下未检测到雄性密度对雌性产卵率和后代性别比的影响。