Adaptive behavior in a complex, dynamic, and multisensory world poses some of the most fundamental computational challenges for the brain, notably inference, decision-making, learning, binding, and attention. We first discuss how the brain integrates sensory signals from the same source to support perceptual inference and decision-making by weighting them according to their momentary sensory uncertainties. We then show how observers solve the binding or causal inference problem-deciding whether signals come from common causes and should hence be integrated or else be treated independently. Next, we describe the multifarious interplay between multisensory processing and attention. We argue that attentional mechanisms are crucial to compute approximate solutions to the binding problem in naturalistic environments when complex time-varying signals arise from myriad causes. Finally, we review how the brain dynamically adapts multisensory processing to a changing world across multiple timescales. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 44 is July 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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多感官世界中的感知推理，学习和注意。

在复杂，动态和多感官的世界中，适应性行为对大脑构成了一些最基本的计算挑战，尤其是推理，决策，学习，约束力和注意力。我们首先讨论大脑如何整合来自同一来源的感官信号，以根据其瞬时感官不确定性对它们进行加权，以支持感性推理和决策。然后，我们将展示观察者如何解决约束或因果推理问题，从而确定信号是否来自共同原因，因此应该进行整合或独立对待。接下来，我们描述了多感官处理和注意力之间的多种相互作用。我们认为，当复杂的时变信号由多种原因引起时，注意力机制对于计算自然环境中的约束问题的近似解至关重要。最后，我们回顾了大脑如何跨多个时间尺度动态地将多感觉处理适应不断变化的世界。《神经科学年度评论》（第44卷）的最终最终在线发布日期为2021年7月。有关修订的估算，请参见http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。