Will the rise of genetic ancestry tests (GATs) change how Americans respond to questions about race and ancestry on censuses and surveys? To provide an answer, we draw on a unique study of more than 100,000 U.S. adults that inquired about respondents' race, ancestry, and genealogical knowledge. We find that people in our sample who have taken a GAT, compared with those who have not, are more likely to self-identify as multiracial and are particularly likely to select three or more races. This difference in multiple-race reporting stems from three factors: (1) people who identify as multiracial are more likely to take GATs; (2) GAT takers are more likely to report multiple regions of ancestral origin; and (3) GAT takers more frequently translate reported ancestral diversity into multiracial self-identification. Our results imply that Americans will select three or more races at higher rates in future demographic data collection, with marked increases in multiple-race reporting among middle-aged adults. We also present experimental evidence that asking questions about ancestry before racial identification moderates some of these GAT-linked reporting differences. Demographers should consider how the meaning of U.S. race data may be changing as more Americans are exposed to information from GATs.

中文翻译：

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在基因测试时代测量种族和祖先。

遗传祖先测试（GAT）的兴起是否会改变美国人在人口普查和调查中如何回答有关种族和祖先的问题？为了提供答案，我们采用了一项针对100,000多名美国成年人的独特研究，该研究询问了受访者的种族，血统和家谱知识。我们发现样本中参加过GAT的人与未参加过GAT的人相比，更有可能自我识别为多种族，并且特别有可能选择三个或更多种族。多种族报告的这种差异源于三个因素：（1）认定为多种族的人更可能接受GAT。（2）接受GAT的人更有可能报告祖先的多个区域；（3）接受GAT的人更频繁地将所报告的祖先多样性转化为多种族的自我认同。我们的结果表明，美国人将在未来的人口统计数据收集中以更高的比率选择三个或更多种族，中年成年人的多重种族报告显着增加。我们还提供了实验证据，表明在种族识别之前询问有关祖先的问题会缓和其中一些与GAT相关的报告差异。人口统计学家应考虑随着越来越多的美国人接触到来自GAT的信息，美国种族数据的含义可能会发生怎样的变化。