Classical dynamic theories of decision making assume that responses are triggered by accumulating a threshold amount of information. Recently, there has been a growing appreciation that the passage of time also plays a role in triggering responses. We propose that decision processes are composed of 2 diffusive accumulation mechanisms-1 evidence-based and 1 time-based-that compete in an independent race architecture. We show that this timed racing diffusion model (TRDM) provides a unified, comprehensive, and quantitatively accurate explanation of key decision phenomena-including the effects of implicit and explicit deadlines and the relative speed of correct and error responses under speed-accuracy trade-offs-without requiring additional mechanisms that have been criticized as being ad hoc in theoretical motivation and difficult to estimate, such as trial-to-trial variability parameters, collapsing thresholds, or urgency signals. In contrast, our addition is grounded in a widely validated account of time-estimation performance, enabling the same mechanism to simultaneously account for interval estimation and decision making with an explicit deadline. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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与时间赛跑：基于证据的决策与基于时间的决策。

决策的经典动态理论假设响应是通过积累阈值信息量来触发的。最近，人们越来越意识到时间的流逝也在引发反应方面发挥作用。我们建议决策过程由 2 个扩散累积机制组成——1 个基于证据的和 1 个基于时间的——它们在独立的竞赛架构中竞争。我们表明，这种计时赛车扩散模型 (TRDM) 提供了对关键决策现象的统一、全面和定量准确的解释，包括隐式和显式最后期限的影响以及速度-准确性权衡下正确和错误响应的相对速度- 不需要额外的机制，这些机制被批评为在理论动机上是临时的并且难以估计，例如试验间可变性参数、崩溃阈值或紧急信号。相比之下，我们的添加基于对时间估计性能的广泛验证，使相同的机制能够同时考虑间隔估计和具有明确截止日期的决策。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。