Accumulating evidence shows that intestinal homeostasis is mediated by cross-talk between the nervous system, enteric neurons and immune cells, together forming specialized neuroimmune units at distinct anatomical locations within the gut. In this review, we will particularly discuss how the intrinsic and extrinsic neuronal circuitry regulates macrophage function and phenotype in the gut during homeostasis and aberrant inflammation, such as observed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Furthermore, we will provide an overview of basic and translational IBD research using these neuronal circuits as a novel therapeutic tool. Finally, we will highlight the different challenges ahead to make bioelectronic neuromodulation a standard treatment for intestinal immune-mediated diseases.

中文翻译：

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脑肠轴中的生物电子学：关注炎症性肠病（IBD）

越来越多的证据表明，肠道稳态是由神经系统、肠神经元和免疫细胞之间的串扰介导的，它们共同在肠道内不同的解剖位置形成专门的神经免疫单位。在这篇综述中，我们将特别讨论内在和外在神经元回路如何在稳态和异常炎症期间调节肠道中的巨噬细胞功能和表型，例如在炎症性肠病（IBD）中观察到的情况。此外，我们将概述使用这些神经元回路作为新型治疗工具的 IBD 基础和转化研究。最后，我们将强调使生物电子神经调节成为肠道免疫介导疾病的标准治疗方法所面临的不同挑战。