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The implications of interrelated assumptions on estimates of divergence times and rates of diversification.
Systematic Biology ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-24 , DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syab021
Tom Carruthers 1 , Robert W Scotland 2
Affiliation  

Phylogenies are increasingly being used as a basis to provide insight into macroevolutionary history. Here, we use simulation experiments and empirical analyses to evaluate methods that use phylogenies as a basis to make estimates of divergence times and rates of diversification. This is the first study to present a comprehensive assessment of the key variables that underpin analyses in this field - including substitution rates, speciation rates, and extinction, plus character sampling and taxon sampling. We show that in unrealistically simplistic cases (where substitution rates and speciation rates are constant, and where there is no extinction), increased character and taxon sampling lead to more accurate and precise parameter estimates. By contrast, in more complex but realistic cases (where substitution rates, speciation rates, and extinction rates vary), gains in accuracy and precision from increased character and taxon sampling are far more limited. The lack of accuracy and precision even occurs when using methods that are designed to account for more complex cases, such as relaxed clocks, fossil calibrations, and models that allow speciation rates and extinction rates to vary. The problem also persists when analysing genomic scale datasets. These results suggest two interrelated problems that occur when the processes that generated the data are more complex. First, methodological assumptions are more likely to be violated. Second, limitations in the information content of the data become more important.

中文翻译:

相互关联的假设对发散时间和发散率的估计的影响。

系统发育被越来越多地用作提供对宏观进化史的洞察力的基础。在这里,我们使用模拟实验和实证分析来评估以系统发育为基础来估计发散时间和发散速度的方法。这是第一项针对该领域分析基础的关键变量进行全面评估的研究,包括替代率,物种形成率和灭绝,以及字符采样和分类群采样。我们表明,在不切实际的简单情况下(替代率和物种形成率恒定且没有灭绝的情况),增加的特征和分类单元采样会导致更准确,更精确的参数估计。相比之下,在更复杂但更现实的情况下(替代率,物种形成率,并且灭绝速率各不相同),特征和分类单元采样的增加所带来的准确性和精确性受到更大的限制。当使用旨在解决更复杂情况的方法(例如宽松的时钟,化石校准和允许物种形成速率和灭绝速率变化的模型)时,甚至会出现准确性和精密度不足的情况。分析基因组规模数据集时,该问题仍然存在。这些结果表明,当生成数据的过程更加复杂时,会发生两个相互关联的问题。首先,方法学上的假设更有可能被违反。第二,数据信息内容的限制变得更加重要。当使用旨在解决更复杂情况的方法(例如宽松的时钟,化石校准和允许物种形成速率和灭绝速率变化的模型)时,甚至会出现准确性和精密度不足的情况。分析基因组规模数据集时,问题仍然存在。这些结果表明,当生成数据的过程更加复杂时,会发生两个相互关联的问题。首先,方法学上的假设更有可能被违反。第二,数据信息内容的限制变得更加重要。当使用旨在解决更复杂情况的方法(例如宽松的时钟,化石校准和允许物种形成速率和灭绝速率变化的模型)时,甚至会出现准确性和精密度不足的情况。分析基因组规模数据集时,问题仍然存在。这些结果表明,当生成数据的过程更加复杂时,会发生两个相互关联的问题。首先,方法学上的假设更有可能被违反。第二,数据信息内容的限制变得更加重要。这些结果表明,当生成数据的过程更加复杂时,会发生两个相互关联的问题。首先,方法学上的假设更有可能被违反。第二,数据信息内容的限制变得更加重要。这些结果表明,当生成数据的过程更加复杂时,会发生两个相互关联的问题。首先,方法学上的假设更有可能被违反。第二,数据信息内容的限制变得更加重要。
更新日期:2021-03-24
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